Compare Gallium vs Yttrium: Periodic Table Element Comparison Table and Properties
Compare the elements Gallium and Yttrium on the basis of their properties, attributes and periodic table facts. Compare elements - Gallium and Yttrium comparison table side by side across over 90 properties. All the elements of similar categories show a lot of similarities and differences in their chemical, atomic, physical properties and uses. These similarities and dissimilarities should be known while we study periodic table elements. You can study the detailed comparison between Gallium vs Yttrium with most reliable information about their properties, attributes, facts, uses etc. You can compare Ga vs Y on more than 90 properties like electronegativity, oxidation state, atomic shells, orbital structure, Electronaffinity, physical states, electrical conductivity and many more. This in-depth comparison helps students, educators, researchers, and science enthusiasts understand the differences and similarities between Gallium and Yttrium.
Gallium and Yttrium Comparison
Here's a detailed comparison between Gallium (Ga) and Yttrium (Y), focusing on their position in the periodic table, physical and chemical properties, stability, and uses.
Facts - Basic Element Details
| Name | Gallium | Yttrium |
|---|---|---|
| Atomic Number | 31 | 39 |
| Atomic Symbol | Ga | Y |
| Atomic Weight | 69.723 | 88.90585 |
| Phase at STP | Solid | Solid |
| Color | Silver | Silver |
| Metallic Classification | Post Transition Metal | Transition Metal |
| Group in Periodic Table | group 13 | group 3 |
| Group Name | boron family | scandium family |
| Period in Periodic Table | period 4 | period 5 |
| Block in Periodic Table | p -block | d -block |
| Electronic Configuration | [Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p1 | [Kr] 4d1 5s2 |
| Electronic Shell Structure (Electrons per shell) | 2, 8, 18, 3 | 2, 8, 18, 9, 2 |
| Melting Point | 302.91 K | 1799 K |
| Boiling Point | 2477 K | 3618 K |
| CAS Number | CAS7440-55-3 | CAS7440-65-5 |
| Neighborhood Elements | Neighborhood Elements of Gallium | Neighborhood Elements of Yttrium |
History
| Parameter | Gallium | Yttrium |
|---|---|---|
| History | The element Gallium was discovered by P. E. L. de Boisbaudran in year 1875 in France. Gallium derived its name from Gallia, the Latin name for France. | The element Yttrium was discovered by J. Gadolin in year 1794 in Finland. Yttrium derived its name from Ytterby, Sweden. |
| Discovery | P. E. L. de Boisbaudran (1875) | J. Gadolin (1794) |
| Isolated | P. E. L. de Boisbaudran () | G. Mosander (1842) |
Presence: Abundance in Nature and Around Us
Parts per billion (ppb) by weight / by atoms (1ppb =10^-7 %)
| Property | Gallium | Yttrium |
|---|---|---|
| Abundance in Universe | 10 / 0.2 | 7 / 0.1 |
| Abundance in Sun | 40 / 0.6 | 10 / 0.1 |
| Abundance in Meteorites | 7800 / 2000 | 1900 / 430 |
| Abundance in Earth's Crust | 19000 / 5500 | 29000 / 6700 |
| Abundance in Oceans | 0.03 / 0.0027 | 0.013 / 0.0009 |
| Abundance in Humans | - / - | - / - |
Crystal Structure and Atomic Structure
| Property | Gallium | Yttrium |
|---|---|---|
| Atomic Volume | 11.809 cm3/mol | 19.881 cm3/mol |
| Atomic Radius | 136 pm | 212 pm |
| Covalent Radius | 126 pm | 162 pm |
| Van der Waals Radius | 187 pm | - |
Atomic Spectrum - Spectral Lines | ||
| Emission Spectrum |  |  |
| Absorption Spectrum |  |  |
| Lattice Constant | 451.97, 766.33, 452.6 pm | 364.74, 364.74, 573.06 pm |
| Lattice Angle | π/2, π/2, π/2 | π/2, π/2, 2 π/3 |
| Space Group Name | Cmca | P63/mmc |
| Space Group Number | 64 | 194 |
| Crystal Structure | Base Centered Orthorhombic  | Simple Hexagonal  |
Atomic and Orbital Properties
| Property | Gallium | Yttrium |
|---|---|---|
| Atomic Number | 31 | 39 |
| Number of Electrons (with no charge) | 31 | 39 |
| Number of Protons | 31 | 39 |
| Mass Number | 69.723 | 88.90585 |
| Number of Neutrons | 39 | 50 |
| Shell structure (Electrons per energy level) | 2, 8, 18, 3 | 2, 8, 18, 9, 2 |
| Electron Configuration | [Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p1 | [Kr] 4d1 5s2 |
| Valence Electrons | 4s2 4p1 | 4d1 5s2 |
| Oxidation State | 3 | 3 |
| Atomic Term Symbol (Quantum Numbers) | 2P1/2 | 2D3/2 |
| Shell structure |  |  |
Isotopes and Nuclear Properties
Gallium has 2 stable naturally occuring isotopes while Yttrium has 1 stable naturally occuring isotopes.
| Parameter | Gallium | Yttrium |
|---|---|---|
| Known Isotopes | 56Ga, 57Ga, 58Ga, 59Ga, 60Ga, 61Ga, 62Ga, 63Ga, 64Ga, 65Ga, 66Ga, 67Ga, 68Ga, 69Ga, 70Ga, 71Ga, 72Ga, 73Ga, 74Ga, 75Ga, 76Ga, 77Ga, 78Ga, 79Ga, 80Ga, 81Ga, 82Ga, 83Ga, 84Ga, 85Ga, 86Ga | 76Y, 77Y, 78Y, 79Y, 80Y, 81Y, 82Y, 83Y, 84Y, 85Y, 86Y, 87Y, 88Y, 89Y, 90Y, 91Y, 92Y, 93Y, 94Y, 95Y, 96Y, 97Y, 98Y, 99Y, 100Y, 101Y, 102Y, 103Y, 104Y, 105Y, 106Y, 107Y, 108Y |
| Stable Isotopes | Naturally occurring stable isotopes: 69Ga, 71Ga | Naturally occurring stable isotopes: 89Y |
| Neutron Cross Section | 2.9 | 1.28 |
| Neutron Mass Absorption | 0.0015 | 0.0006 |
Chemical Properties: Ionization Energies and electron affinity
| Property | Gallium | Yttrium |
|---|---|---|
| Valence or Valency | 3 | 3 |
| Electronegativity | 1.81 Pauling Scale | 1.22 Pauling Scale |
| Oxidation State | 3 | 3 |
| Electron Affinity | 28.9 kJ/mol | 29.6 kJ/mol |
| Ionization Energies | 1st: 578.8 kJ/mol 2nd: 1979.3 kJ/mol 3rd: 2963 kJ/mol 4th: 6180 kJ/mol | 1st: 600 kJ/mol 2nd: 1180 kJ/mol 3rd: 1980 kJ/mol 4th: 5847 kJ/mol 5th: 7430 kJ/mol 6th: 8970 kJ/mol 7th: 11190 kJ/mol 8th: 12450 kJ/mol 9th: 14110 kJ/mol 10th: 18400 kJ/mol 11th: 19900 kJ/mol 12th: 36090 kJ/mol |
Physical Properties
Yttrium (4.472 g/cm³) is less dense than Gallium (5.904 g/cm³). This means that a given volume of Gallium will be heavier than the same volume of Yttrium. Gallium is about 32 denser than Yttrium
| Property | Gallium | Yttrium |
|---|---|---|
| Phase at STP | Solid | Solid |
| Color | Silver | Silver |
| Density | 5.904 g/cm3 | 4.472 g/cm3 |
| Density (when liquid (at melting point)) | 6.095 g/cm3 | 4.24 g/cm3 |
| Molar Volume | 11.809 cm3/mol | 19.881 cm3/mol |
Mechanical and Hardness Properties
| Property | Gallium | Yttrium |
|---|---|---|
Elastic Properties | ||
| Young Modulus | - | 64 |
| Shear Modulus | - | 26 GPa |
| Bulk Modulus | - | 41 GPa |
| Poisson Ratio | - | 0.24 |
Hardness - Tests to Measure of Hardness of Element | ||
| Mohs Hardness | 1.5 MPa | - |
| Vickers Hardness | - | - |
| Brinell Hardness | 60 MPa | 589 MPa |
Thermal and Electrical Conductivity
| Property | Gallium | Yttrium |
|---|---|---|
Heat and Conduction Properties | ||
| Thermal Conductivity | 29 W/(m K) | 17 W/(m K) |
| Thermal Expansion | 0.00012 /K | 0.0000106 /K |
Electrical Properties | ||
| Electrical Conductivity | 7100000 S/m | 1800000 S/m |
| Resistivity | 1.39e-7 m Ω | 5.59e-7 m Ω |
| Superconducting Point | 1.083 | 1.3 |
Magnetic and Optical Properties
| Property | Gallium | Yttrium |
|---|---|---|
Magnetic Properties | ||
| Magnetic Type | Diamagnetic | Paramagnetic |
| Curie Point | - | - |
| Mass Magnetic Susceptibility | -3e-9 m3/kg | 6.66e-8 m3/kg |
| Molar Magnetic Susceptibility | -2.09e-10 m3/mol | 5.921e-9 m3/mol |
| Volume Magnetic Susceptibility | -0.0000177 | 0.0002978 |
Optical Properties | ||
| Refractive Index | - | - |
Acoustic Properties | ||
| Speed of Sound | 2740 m/s | 3300 m/s |
Thermal Properties - Enthalpies and thermodynamics
| Property | Gallium | Yttrium |
|---|---|---|
| Melting Point | 302.91 K | 1799 K |
| Boiling Point | 2477 K | 3618 K |
| Critical Temperature | - | - |
| Superconducting Point | 1.083 | 1.3 |
Enthalpies | ||
| Heat of Fusion | 5.59 kJ/mol | 11.4 kJ/mol |
| Heat of Vaporization | 256 kJ/mol | 380 kJ/mol |
| Heat of Combustion | - | - |
Regulatory and Health - Health and Safety Parameters and Guidelines
| Parameter | Gallium | Yttrium |
|---|---|---|
| CAS Number | CAS7440-55-3 | CAS7440-65-5 |
| RTECS Number | RTECSLW8600000 | RTECSZG2980000 |
| DOT Hazard Class | 8 | 4.1 |
| DOT Numbers | 2803 | 3089 |
| EU Number | - | - |
| NFPA Fire Rating | 0 | 2 |
| NFPA Health Rating | 1 | - |
| NFPA Reactivity Rating | 0 | - |
| NFPA Hazards | - | - |
| AutoIgnition Point | - | - |
| Flashpoint | - | - |
Compare Gallium and Yttrium With Other Elements
Compare Gallium and Yttrium with other elements of the periodic table. Explore howGallium and Yttrium stack up against other elements of the periodic table. Use our interactive comparison tool to analyze 90+ properties across different metals, non-metals, metalloids, and noble gases. Understanding these differences is crucial for applications in engineering, chemistry, electronics, biology, and material science.