Periodic Table Element Comparison: Compare Elements - Boron vs Magnesium
Compare Boron and Magnesium
Compare Boron and Magnesium on the basis of their properties, attributes and periodic table facts. Compare elements on more than 90 properties. All the elements of similar categories show a lot of similarities and differences in their chemical, atomic, physical properties and uses. These similarities and dissimilarities should be known while we study periodic table elements. You can study the detailed comparison between Boron vs Magnesium with most reliable information about their properties, attributes, facts, uses etc. You can compare B vs Mg on more than 90 properties like electronegativity , oxidation state, atomic shells, orbital structure, Electronaffinity, physical states, electrical conductivity and many more.
Facts
Name | Boron | Magnesium |
Atomic Number | 5 | 12 |
Atomic Symbol | B | Mg |
Atomic Weight | 10.811 | 24.305 |
Phase at STP | Solid | Solid |
Color | Black | Silver |
Metallic Classification | Metalloid | Alkaline Earth Metal |
Group in Periodic Table | group 13 | group 2 |
Group Name | boron family | beryllium family |
Period in Periodic Table | period 2 | period 3 |
Block in Periodic Table | p -block | s -block |
Electronic Configuration | [He] 2s2 2p1 | [Ne] 3s2 |
Electronic Shell Structure (Electrons per shell) | 2, 3 | 2, 8, 2 |
Melting Point | 2348 K | 923 K |
Boiling Point | 4273 K | 1363 K |
CAS Number | CAS7440-42-8 | CAS7439-95-4 |
Neighborhood Elements | Neighborhood Elements of Boron | Neighborhood Elements of Magnesium |
History
Name | Boron | Magnesium |
History | The element Boron was discovered by L. Gay-Lussac and L.J. Thénard in year 1808 in France and United Kingdom. Boron derived its name from borax, a mineral. | The element Magnesium was discovered by J. Black in year 1755 in United Kingdom. Magnesium derived its name from Magnesia, a district of Eastern Thessaly in Greece. |
Discovery | L. Gay-Lussac and L.J. Thénard (1808) | J. Black (1755) |
Isolated | H. Davy (1808) | H. Davy (1808) |
Presence: Abundance in Nature and Around Us
Parts per billion (ppb) by weight / by atoms (1ppb =10^-7 %)
Name | Boron | Magnesium |
Abundance in Universe | 1 / 0.1 | 600000 / 30000 |
Abundance in Sun | 2 / 0.2 | 700000 / 30000 |
Abundance in Meteorites | 1600 / 3000 | 120000000 / 100000000 |
Abundance in Earth's Crust | 8700 / 17000 | 29000000 / 25000000 |
Abundance in Oceans | 4440 / 2500 | 1326000 / 337000 |
Abundance in Humans | 700 / 410 | 270000 / 70000 |
Crystal Structure and Atomic Structure
Name | Boron | Magnesium |
Atomic Volume | 4.3947 cm3/mol | 13.984 cm3/mol |
Atomic Radius | 87 pm | 145 pm |
Covalent Radius | 82 pm | 130 pm |
Van der Waals Radius | 192 pm | 173 pm |
Atomic Spectrum - Spectral Lines | ||
Emission Spectrum | Not available | |
Absorption Spectrum | ||
Lattice Constant | 506, 506, 506 pm | 320.94, 320.94, 521.08 pm |
Lattice Angle | 1.01334, 1.01334, 1.01334 | π/2, π/2, 2 π/3 |
Space Group Name | R_ 3m | P63/mmc |
Space Group Number | 166 | 194 |
Crystal Structure | Simple Trigonal | Simple Hexagonal |
Atomic and Orbital Properties
Name | Boron | Magnesium |
Atomic Number | 5 | 12 |
Number of Electrons (with no charge) | 5 | 12 |
Number of Protons | 5 | 12 |
Mass Number | 10.811 | 24.305 |
Number of Neutrons | 6 | 12 |
Shell structure (Electrons per energy level) | 2, 3 | 2, 8, 2 |
Electron Configuration | [He] 2s2 2p1 | [Ne] 3s2 |
Valence Electrons | 2s2 2p1 | 3s2 |
Oxidation State | 3 | 2 |
Atomic Term Symbol (Quantum Numbers) | 2P1/2 | 1S0 |
Shell structure |
Isotopes and Nuclear Properties
Boron has 2 stable naturally occuring isotopes while Magnesium has 3 stable naturally occuring isotopes.
Name | Boron | Magnesium |
Known Isotopes | 6B, 7B, 8B, 9B, 10B, 11B, 12B, 13B, 14B, 15B, 16B, 17B, 18B, 19B | 19Mg, 20Mg, 21Mg, 22Mg, 23Mg, 24Mg, 25Mg, 26Mg, 27Mg, 28Mg, 29Mg, 30Mg, 31Mg, 32Mg, 33Mg, 34Mg, 35Mg, 36Mg, 37Mg, 38Mg, 39Mg, 40Mg |
Stable Isotopes | Naturally occurring stable isotopes: 10B, 11B | Naturally occurring stable isotopes: 24Mg, 25Mg, 26Mg |
Neutron Cross Section | 755 | 0.063 |
Neutron Mass Absorption | 2.4 | 0.0001 |
Chemical Properties: Ionization Energies and electron affinity
Name | Boron | Magnesium |
Valence or Valency | 3 | 2 |
Electronegativity | 2.04 Pauling Scale | 1.31 Pauling Scale |
Electron Affinity | 26.7 kJ/mol | 0 kJ/mol |
Ionization Energies | 1st: 800.6 kJ/mol 2nd: 2427.1 kJ/mol 3rd: 3659.7 kJ/mol 4th: 25025.8 kJ/mol 5th: 32826.7 kJ/mol | 1st: 737.7 kJ/mol 2nd: 1450.7 kJ/mol 3rd: 7732.7 kJ/mol 4th: 10542.5 kJ/mol 5th: 13630 kJ/mol 6th: 18020 kJ/mol 7th: 21711 kJ/mol 8th: 25661 kJ/mol 9th: 31653 kJ/mol 10th: 35458 kJ/mol 11th: 169988 kJ/mol 12th: 189368 kJ/mol |
Physical Properties
Name | Boron | Magnesium |
Density | 2.46 g/cm3 | 1.738 g/cm3 |
Molar Volume | 4.3947 cm3/mol | 13.984 cm3/mol |
Elastic Properties | ||
Young Modulus | - | 45 |
Shear Modulus | - | 17 GPa |
Bulk Modulus | 320 GPa | 45 GPa |
Poisson Ratio | - | 0.29 |
Hardness - Tests to Measure of Hardness of Element | ||
Mohs Hardness | 9.3 MPa | 2.5 MPa |
Vickers Hardness | 49000 MPa | - |
Brinell Hardness | - | 260 MPa |
Electrical Properties | ||
Electrical Conductivity | 0.0001 S/m | 23000000 S/m |
Resistivity | 10000 m Ω | 4.4e-8 m Ω |
Superconducting Point | - | - |
Heat and Conduction Properties | ||
Thermal Conductivity | 27 W/(m K) | 160 W/(m K) |
Thermal Expansion | 0.000006 /K | 0.0000082 /K |
Magnetic Properties | ||
Magnetic Type | Diamagnetic | Paramagnetic |
Curie Point | - | - |
Mass Magnetic Susceptibility | -8.7e-9 m3/kg | 6.9e-9 m3/kg |
Molar Magnetic Susceptibility | -9.41e-11 m3/mol | 1.68e-10 m3/mol |
Volume Magnetic Susceptibility | -0.0000214 | 0.000012 |
Optical Properties | ||
Refractive Index | - | - |
Acoustic Properties | ||
Speed of Sound | 16200 m/s | 4602 m/s |
Thermal Properties - Enthalpies and thermodynamics
Name | Boron | Magnesium |
Melting Point | 2348 K | 923 K |
Boiling Point | 4273 K | 1363 K |
Critical Temperature | - | - |
Superconducting Point | - | - |
Enthalpies | ||
Heat of Fusion | 50 kJ/mol | 8.7 kJ/mol |
Heat of Vaporization | 507 kJ/mol | 128 kJ/mol |
Heat of Combustion | - | -668 J/(kg K) |
Regulatory and Health - Health and Safety Parameters and Guidelines
Name | Boron | Magnesium |
CAS Number | CAS7440-42-8 | CAS7439-95-4 |
RTECS Number | RTECSED7350000 | - |
DOT Hazard Class | - | 4.1 |
DOT Numbers | - | {1869,1418} |
EU Number | - | - |
NFPA Fire Rating | 3 | 1 |
NFPA Health Rating | 2 | 0 |
NFPA Reactivity Rating | 0 | 1 |
NFPA Hazards | - | - |
AutoIgnition Point | - | 472 °C |
Flashpoint | - | 500 °C |
Compare With Other Elements
Compare Boron with all Group 13 elementsCompare Boron with all Period 2 elementsBoron vs LithiumBoron vs BerylliumBoron vs CarbonBoron vs NitrogenBoron vs OxygenBoron vs FluorineBoron vs Neon Compare Boron with all Metalloid elements | Compare Magnesium with all Group 2 elementsMagnesium vs BerylliumMagnesium vs CalciumMagnesium vs StrontiumMagnesium vs BariumMagnesium vs Radium Compare Magnesium with all Period 3 elementsMagnesium vs SodiumMagnesium vs AluminiumMagnesium vs SiliconMagnesium vs PhosphorusMagnesium vs SulfurMagnesium vs ChlorineMagnesium vs Argon Compare Magnesium with all Alkaline Earth Metal elements |