Element 22 of Periodic table is Titanium with atomic number 22, atomic weight 47.867. Titanium, symbol Ti, has a Simple Hexagonal structure and Silver color. Titanium is a transition metal element. Know everything about Titanium Facts, Physical Properties, Chemical Properties, Electronic configuration, Atomic and Crystal Structure.
Titanium is a chemical element with symbol Ti and atomic number 22. It is a lustrous transition metal with a silver color, low density and high strength. It is highly resistant to corrosion in sea water, aqua regia and chlorine.
Read key information and facts about element Titanium
| Name | Titanium |
| Atomic Number | 22 |
| Atomic Symbol | Ti |
| Atomic Weight | 47.867 |
| Phase | Solid |
| Color | Silver |
| Classification | transition metal |
| Group in Periodic Table | 4 |
| Group Name | titanium family |
| Period in Periodic Table | 4 |
| Block in Periodic Table | d-block |
| Electronic Configuration | [Ar] 3d2 4s2 |
| Melting Point | 1668 °C |
| Boiling Point | 3287 °C |
| Electronic Shell Structure | [2, 8, 10, 2] |
| CAS Number | CAS7440-32-6 |
Periodic table is arranged by atomic number, number of protons in the nucleus which is same as number of electrons. The atomic number increases from left to right. Periodic table starts at top left ( Atomic number 1) and ends at bottom right (atomic number 118). Therefore you can directly look for atomic number 22 to find Titanium on periodic table.
Another way to read periodic table and locate an element is by using group number (column) and period number (row). To locate Titanium on periodic table look for cross section of group 4 and period 4 in the modern periodic table.
The element Titanium was discovered by William Gregor in year 1791 in United Kingdom . Titanium derived its name from Titans, the sons of the Earth goddess of Greek mythology
The table below shows the abundance of Titanium in Universe, Sun, Meteorites, Earth's Crust, Oceans and Human Body.
| Ppb by weight (1ppb =10^-7 %) | |
|---|---|
| Abundance in Universe | 3e-06 |
| Abundance in Sun | 4e-06 |
| Abundance in Meteorites | 0.00054 |
| Abundance in Earth's Crust | 0.0066 |
| Abundance in Oceans | 1×10-7% |
| Abundance in Humans | N/A |
The solid state structure of Titanium is Simple Hexagonal.
The Crystal structure can be described in terms of its unit Cell. The unit Cells repeats itself in three dimensional space to form the structure.
The unit cell is represented in terms of its lattice parameters, which are the lengths of the cell edges Lattice Constants (a, b and c)
| a | b | c |
|---|---|---|
| 295.08 | 295.08 | 468.55 pm |
and the angles between them Lattice Angles (alpha, beta and gamma).
| alpha | beta | gamma |
|---|---|---|
| π/2 | π/2 | 2 π/3 |
The positions of the atoms inside the unit cell are described by the set of atomic positions ( xi, yi, zi) measured from a reference lattice point.
The symmetry properties of the crystal are described by the concept of space groups. All possible symmetric arrangements of particles in three-dimensional space are described by the 230 space groups (219 distinct types, or 230 if chiral copies are considered distinct.
| Space Group Name | P63/mmc |
|
| Space Group Number | 194 | |
| Crystal Structure | Simple Hexagonal |
Titanium atoms have 22 electrons and the electronic shell structure is [2, 8, 10, 2] with Atomic Term Symbol (Quantum Numbers) 3F2.
| Atomic Number | 22 |
| Number of Electrons (with no charge) | 22 |
| Number of Protons | 22 |
| Mass Number | 48 |
| Number of Neutrons | 26 |
| Shell structure (Electrons per energy level) | [2, 8, 10, 2] |
| Electron Configuration | [Ar] 3d2 4s2 |
| Valence Electrons | 3d2 4s2 |
| Oxidation State |
-2;-1
1;2;3;4 |
| Atomic Term Symbol (Quantum Numbers) | 3F2 |
Shell Structure of Titanium - Electrons per energy level
| n | s | p | d | f | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | K | 2 | |||
| 2 | L | 2 | 6 | ||
| 3 | M | 2 | 6 | 2 | |
| 4 | N | 2 |
The ground state electronic configuration of Neutral Titanium atom is [Ar] 3d2 4s2. The portion of Titanium configuration that is equivalent to the noble gas of the preceding period, is abbreviated as [Ar]. For atoms with many electrons, this notation can become lengthy and so an abbreviated notation is used.This is important as it is the Valence electrons 3d2 4s2, electrons in the outermost shell that determine the chemical properties of the element.
Complete ground state electronic configuration for the Titanium atom, Unabbreviated electronic configuration
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d2 4s2
Titanium atomic radius is 176 pm, while it's covalent radius is 136 pm.
| Atomic Radius |
176 pm (1.76 Å) |
| Atomic Volume | 10.620590193 cm3 |
| Covalent Radius | 136 pm (1.36 Å) |
| Van der Waals Radius | N/A |
| Neutron Cross Section | 6.1 σa/barns |
The electron affinity of Titanium is 7.6 kJ/mol
| Valence | 4 |
| Electronegativity | 1.54 |
| ElectronAffinity | 7.6 kJ/mol |
Refer to table below for Ionization energies of Titanium
| Ionization energy number | Enthalpy - kJ/mol |
|---|---|
| 1 | 658.8 |
| 2 | 1309.8 |
| 3 | 2652.5 |
| 4 | 4174.6 |
| 5 | 9581 |
| 6 | 11533 |
| 7 | 13590 |
| 8 | 16440 |
| 9 | 18530 |
| 10 | 20833 |
| 11 | 25575 |
| 12 | 28125 |
| 13 | 76015 |
| 14 | 83280 |
| 15 | 90880 |
| 16 | 1.007×105 |
| 17 | 1.091×105 |
| 18 | 1.178×105 |
| 19 | 1.299×105 |
| 20 | 137530 |
| 21 | 602930 |
Refer to below table for Titanium Physical Properties
| Density | 4.507 g/cm3 |
| Molar Volume | 10.620590193 cm3 |
| Young Modulus | 116 GPa |
| Shear Modulus | 44 GPa |
| Bulk Modulus | 110 GPa |
| Poisson Ratio | 0.32 |
| Mohs Hardness | 6 MPa |
| Vickers Hardness | 970 MPa |
| Brinell Hardness | 716 MPa |
Titanium is Conductor of electricity. Refer to table below for the Electrical properties of Titanium
| Electrical Conductivity | 2.5×106 S/m |
| Resistivity | 4×10-7 m Ω |
| Superconducting Point | 0.4 |
| Thermal Conductivity | 22 W/(m K) |
| Thermal Expansion | 8.6×10-6 K-1 |
| Magnetic Type | Paramagnetic |
| Curie Point | N/A |
| Mass Magnetic Susceptibility | 4.01×10-8 |
| Molar Magnetic Susceptibility | 1.919×10-9 |
| Volume Magnetic Susceptibility | 0.0001807 |
| Refractive Index | N/A |
| Speed of Sound | 4140 m/s |
Refer to table below for Thermal properties of Titanium
| Melting Point | 1941 K (1668 °C) |
| Boiling Point | 3560 K (3287 °C) |
| Critical Temperature | N/A |
| Superconducting Point | 0.4 |
| Heat of Fusion | 18.7 kJ/mol |
| Heat of Vaporization | 425 kJ/mol |
| Heat of Combustion | N/A |
Isotopes of rhodium. Naturally occurring Titanium has 5 stable isotope - 46Ti, 47Ti, 48Ti, 49Ti, 50Ti.
| Isotope | Isotope Mass | % Abundance | T half | Decay Mode |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 38Ti | ||||
| 39Ti | ||||
| 40Ti | ||||
| 41Ti | ||||
| 42Ti | ||||
| 43Ti | ||||
| 44Ti | ||||
| 45Ti | ||||
| 46Ti | 8.25% | Stable | N/A | |
| 47Ti | 7.44% | Stable | N/A | |
| 48Ti | 73.72% | Stable | N/A | |
| 49Ti | 5.41% | Stable | N/A | |
| 50Ti | 5.18% | Stable | N/A | |
| 51Ti | ||||
| 52Ti | ||||
| 53Ti | ||||
| 54Ti | ||||
| 55Ti | ||||
| 56Ti | ||||
| 57Ti | ||||
| 58Ti | ||||
| 59Ti | ||||
| 60Ti | ||||
| 61Ti | ||||
| 62Ti | ||||
| 63Ti |
| CAS Number | CAS7440-32-6 |
| RTECS Number | N/A |
| DOT Hazard Class | 4.2 |
| DOT Numbers | 2546 |
| EU Number | N/A |
| NFPA Fire Rating | 1 |
| NFPA Hazards | N/A |
| NFPA Health Rating | 1 |
| NFPA Reactivity Rating | 2 |
| Autoignition Point | 250 °C |
| Flashpoint | N/A |
List of unique identifiers to search the element in various chemical registry databases
| Database | Identifier number |
|---|---|
| CAS Number - Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) | CAS7440-32-6 |
| CID Number | CID23963 |
| Gmelin Number | N/A |
| NSC Number | N/A |
| RTECS Number | N/A |
Metalloid |
Nonmetals |
| Other Nonmetals | |
| Halogens | Noble Gas |
Metals |
|
| Alkali Metals | Alkaline Earth Metals |
| Transition Metals | Post-Transition Metals |
| Lanthanide | Actinide |