Lu Lutetium – Element Information, Facts, Properties, Trends,Uses, Comparison with other elements

Lutetium History

The element Lutetium was discovered by Georges Urbain in year 1907 in France and Germany . Lutetium derived its name from Lutetia, the Latin name for Paris

Lutetium Presence: Abundance in Nature and Around Us

The table below shows the abundance of Lutetium in Universe, Sun, Meteorites, Earth's Crust, Oceans and Human Body.

Crystal Structure of Lutetium

The solid state structure of Lutetium is Simple Hexagonal.

The Crystal structure can be described in terms of its unit Cell. The unit Cells repeats itself in three dimensional space to form the structure.

Unit Cell Parameters

The unit cell is represented in terms of its lattice parameters, which are the lengths of the cell edges Lattice Constants (a, b and c)

and the angles between them Lattice Angles (alpha, beta and gamma).

The positions of the atoms inside the unit cell are described by the set of atomic positions ( x_i, y_i, z_i) measured from a reference lattice point.

The symmetry properties of the crystal are described by the concept of space groups. All possible symmetric arrangements of particles in three-dimensional space are described by the 230 space groups (219 distinct types, or 230 if chiral copies are considered distinct.

Space Group Name	P63/mmc
Space Group Number	194
Crystal Structure	Simple Hexagonal

Lutetium Atomic and Orbital Properties

Lutetium atoms have 71 electrons and the electronic shell structure is [2, 8, 18, 32, 9, 2] with Atomic Term Symbol (Quantum Numbers) ²D_3/2.

Atomic Number	71
Number of Electrons (with no charge)	71
Number of Protons	71
Mass Number	175
Number of Neutrons	104
Shell structure (Electrons per energy level)	[2, 8, 18, 32, 9, 2]
Electron Configuration	[Xe] 4f14 5d1 6s2
Valence Electrons	5d1 6s2
Oxidation State	2;3
Atomic Term Symbol (Quantum Numbers)	2D3/2

Shell Structure of Lutetium - Electrons per energy level

n		s	p	d	f
1	K	2
2	L	2	6
3	M	2	6	10
4	N	2	6	10	14
5	O	2	6	1
6	P	2

Ground State Electronic Configuration of Lutetium - neutral Lutetium atom

The ground state electronic configuration of Neutral Lutetium atom is [Xe] 4f14 5d1 6s2. The portion of Lutetium configuration that is equivalent to the noble gas of the preceding period, is abbreviated as [Xe]. For atoms with many electrons, this notation can become lengthy and so an abbreviated notation is used.This is important as it is the Valence electrons 4f14 5d1 6s2, electrons in the outermost shell that determine the chemical properties of the element.

Unabbreviated electronic configuration of neutral Lutetium

Complete ground state electronic configuration for the Lutetium atom, Unabbreviated electronic configuration

1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 5s2 5p6 4f14 5d1 6s2

Atomic Structure of Lutetium

Lutetium atomic radius is 217 pm, while it's covalent radius is 160 pm.

Atomic Spectrum of Lutetium

Lutetium Chemical Properties: Lutetium Ionization Energies and electron affinity

The electron affinity of Lutetium is 50 kJ/mol

Ionization Energy of Lutetium

Refer to table below for Ionization energies of Lutetium

Lutetium Physical Properties

Refer to below table for Lutetium Physical Properties

Elastic Properties

Hardness of Lutetium - Tests to Measure of Hardness of Element

Lutetium Electrical Properties

Lutetium is Conductor of electricity. Refer to table below for the Electrical properties of Lutetium

Lutetium Heat and Conduction Properties

Lutetium Magnetic Properties

Optical Properties of Lutetium

Acoustic Properties of Lutetium

Lutetium Thermal Properties - Enthalpies and thermodynamics

Refer to table below for Thermal properties of Lutetium

Enthalpies of Lutetium

Lutetium Isotopes - Nuclear Properties of Lutetium

Isotopes of rhodium. Naturally occurring Lutetium has 1 stable isotope - 175Lu.

Regulatory and Health - Health and Safety Parameters and Guidelines

Database Search

List of unique identifiers to search the element in various chemical registry databases