Element 49 of Periodic table is Indium with atomic number 49, atomic weight 114.818. Indium, symbol In, has a Centered Tetragonal structure and Silver color. Indium is a post-transition metal element. Trivial name of Indium is triels, icosagens. Know everything about Indium Facts, Physical Properties, Chemical Properties, Electronic configuration, Atomic and Crystal Structure.
Indium is a chemical element with symbol In and atomic number 49. It is a post-transition metallic element that is rare in Earth's crust. The metal is very soft, malleable and easily fusible, with a melting point higher than sodium, but lower than lithium or tin.
Read key information and facts about element Indium
Name | Indium |
Atomic Number | 49 |
Atomic Symbol | In |
Atomic Weight | 114.818 |
Phase | Solid |
Color | Silver |
Classification | post-transition metal |
Group in Periodic Table | 13 |
Group Name | boron family |
Period in Periodic Table | 5 |
Block in Periodic Table | p-block |
Electronic Configuration | [Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p1 |
Melting Point | 156.6 °C |
Boiling Point | 2072 °C |
Electronic Shell Structure | [2, 8, 18, 18, 3] |
CAS Number | CAS7440-74-6 |
Periodic table is arranged by atomic number, number of protons in the nucleus which is same as number of electrons. The atomic number increases from left to right. Periodic table starts at top left ( Atomic number 1) and ends at bottom right (atomic number 118). Therefore you can directly look for atomic number 49 to find Indium on periodic table.
Another way to read periodic table and locate an element is by using group number (column) and period number (row). To locate Indium on periodic table look for cross section of group 13 and period 5 in the modern periodic table.
The element Indium was discovered by Ferdinand Reich in year 1863 in Germany . Indium derived its name from indigo
The table below shows the abundance of Indium in Universe, Sun, Meteorites, Earth's Crust, Oceans and Human Body.
Ppb by weight (1ppb =10^-7 %) | |
---|---|
Abundance in Universe | 3×10-8% |
Abundance in Sun | 4×10-7% |
Abundance in Meteorites | 4.4×10-6% |
Abundance in Earth's Crust | 1.6e-07 |
Abundance in Oceans | 1×10-11% |
Abundance in Humans | N/A |
The solid state structure of Indium is Centered Tetragonal.
The Crystal structure can be described in terms of its unit Cell. The unit Cells repeats itself in three dimensional space to form the structure.
The unit cell is represented in terms of its lattice parameters, which are the lengths of the cell edges Lattice Constants (a, b and c)
a | b | c |
---|---|---|
325.23 | 325.23 | 494.61 pm |
and the angles between them Lattice Angles (alpha, beta and gamma).
alpha | beta | gamma |
---|---|---|
π/2 | π/2 | π/2 |
The positions of the atoms inside the unit cell are described by the set of atomic positions ( xi, yi, zi) measured from a reference lattice point.
The symmetry properties of the crystal are described by the concept of space groups. All possible symmetric arrangements of particles in three-dimensional space are described by the 230 space groups (219 distinct types, or 230 if chiral copies are considered distinct.
Space Group Name | I4/mmm |
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Space Group Number | 139 | |
Crystal Structure | Centered Tetragonal |
Indium atoms have 49 electrons and the electronic shell structure is [2, 8, 18, 18, 3] with Atomic Term Symbol (Quantum Numbers) 2P1/2.
Atomic Number | 49 |
Number of Electrons (with no charge) | 49 |
Number of Protons | 49 |
Mass Number | 115 |
Number of Neutrons | 66 |
Shell structure (Electrons per energy level) | [2, 8, 18, 18, 3] |
Electron Configuration | [Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p1 |
Valence Electrons | 5s2 5p1 |
Oxidation State |
-5;-2;-1
1;2;3 |
Atomic Term Symbol (Quantum Numbers) | 2P1/2 |
Shell Structure of Indium - Electrons per energy level
n | s | p | d | f | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | K | 2 | |||
2 | L | 2 | 6 | ||
3 | M | 2 | 6 | 10 | |
4 | N | 2 | 6 | 10 | |
5 | O | 2 | 1 |
The ground state electronic configuration of Neutral Indium atom is [Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p1. The portion of Indium configuration that is equivalent to the noble gas of the preceding period, is abbreviated as [Kr]. For atoms with many electrons, this notation can become lengthy and so an abbreviated notation is used.This is important as it is the Valence electrons 4d10 5s2 5p1, electrons in the outermost shell that determine the chemical properties of the element.
Complete ground state electronic configuration for the Indium atom, Unabbreviated electronic configuration
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 5s2 5p1
Indium atomic radius is 156 pm, while it's covalent radius is 144 pm.
Atomic Radius |
156 pm (1.56 Å) |
Atomic Volume | 15.7069767442 cm3 |
Covalent Radius | 144 pm (1.44 Å) |
Van der Waals Radius | 193 pm |
Neutron Cross Section | 194 σa/barns |
The electron affinity of Indium is 28.9 kJ/mol
Valence | 3 |
Electronegativity | 1.78 |
ElectronAffinity | 28.9 kJ/mol |
Refer to table below for Ionization energies of Indium
Ionization energy number | Enthalpy - kJ/mol |
---|---|
1 | 558.3 |
2 | 1820.7 |
3 | 2704 |
4 | 5210 |
Refer to below table for Indium Physical Properties
Density | 7.31 g/cm3 |
Molar Volume | 15.7069767442 cm3 |
Young Modulus | 11 GPa |
Shear Modulus | N/A |
Bulk Modulus | N/A |
Poisson Ratio | N/A |
Mohs Hardness | 1.2 MPa |
Vickers Hardness | N/A |
Brinell Hardness | 8.83 MPa |
Indium is Conductor of electricity. Refer to table below for the Electrical properties of Indium
Electrical Conductivity | 1.2×107 S/m |
Resistivity | 8×10-8 m Ω |
Superconducting Point | 3.41 |
Thermal Conductivity | 82 W/(m K) |
Thermal Expansion | 0.0000321 K-1 |
Magnetic Type | Diamagnetic |
Curie Point | N/A |
Mass Magnetic Susceptibility | -1.4×10-9 |
Molar Magnetic Susceptibility | -1.61×10-10 |
Volume Magnetic Susceptibility | -1.02e-05 |
Refractive Index | N/A |
Speed of Sound | 1215 m/s |
Refer to table below for Thermal properties of Indium
Melting Point | 429.75 K (156.6 °C) |
Boiling Point | 2345 K (2072 °C) |
Critical Temperature | N/A |
Superconducting Point | 3.41 |
Heat of Fusion | 3.26 kJ/mol |
Heat of Vaporization | 230 kJ/mol |
Heat of Combustion | N/A |
Isotopes of rhodium. Naturally occurring Indium has 1 stable isotope - 113In.
Isotope | Isotope Mass | % Abundance | T half | Decay Mode |
---|---|---|---|---|
97In | ||||
98In | ||||
99In | ||||
100In | ||||
101In | ||||
102In | ||||
103In | ||||
104In | ||||
105In | ||||
106In | ||||
107In | ||||
108In | ||||
109In | ||||
110In | ||||
111In | ||||
112In | ||||
113In | 4.29% | Stable | N/A | |
114In | ||||
115In | 95.71% | |||
116In | ||||
117In | ||||
118In | ||||
119In | ||||
120In | ||||
121In | ||||
122In | ||||
123In | ||||
124In | ||||
125In | ||||
126In | ||||
127In | ||||
128In | ||||
129In | ||||
130In | ||||
131In | ||||
132In | ||||
133In | ||||
134In | ||||
135In |
CAS Number | CAS7440-74-6 |
RTECS Number | RTECSNL1050000 |
DOT Hazard Class | 4.1 |
DOT Numbers | 3089 |
EU Number | N/A |
NFPA Fire Rating | N/A |
NFPA Hazards | N/A |
NFPA Health Rating | N/A |
NFPA Reactivity Rating | N/A |
Autoignition Point | N/A |
Flashpoint | N/A |
List of unique identifiers to search the element in various chemical registry databases
Database | Identifier number |
---|---|
CAS Number - Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) | CAS7440-74-6 |
CID Number | CID5359967 |
Gmelin Number | N/A |
NSC Number | N/A |
RTECS Number | RTECSNL1050000 |
Metalloid |
Nonmetals |
Other Nonmetals | |
Halogens | Noble Gas |
Metals |
|
Alkali Metals | Alkaline Earth Metals |
Transition Metals | Post-Transition Metals |
Lanthanide | Actinide |