I Iodine – Element Information, Facts, Properties, Trends,Uses, Comparison with other elements

Iodine History

The element Iodine was discovered by Bernard Courtois in year 1811 in France . Iodine derived its name from French iode (after the Greek ioeides, 'violet')

Iodine Presence: Abundance in Nature and Around Us

The table below shows the abundance of Iodine in Universe, Sun, Meteorites, Earth's Crust, Oceans and Human Body.

Crystal Structure of Iodine

The solid state structure of Iodine is Base Centered Orthorhombic.

The Crystal structure can be described in terms of its unit Cell. The unit Cells repeats itself in three dimensional space to form the structure.

Unit Cell Parameters

The unit cell is represented in terms of its lattice parameters, which are the lengths of the cell edges Lattice Constants (a, b and c)

and the angles between them Lattice Angles (alpha, beta and gamma).

The positions of the atoms inside the unit cell are described by the set of atomic positions ( x_i, y_i, z_i) measured from a reference lattice point.

The symmetry properties of the crystal are described by the concept of space groups. All possible symmetric arrangements of particles in three-dimensional space are described by the 230 space groups (219 distinct types, or 230 if chiral copies are considered distinct.

Space Group Name	Cmca
Space Group Number	64
Crystal Structure	Base Centered Orthorhombic

Iodine Atomic and Orbital Properties

Iodine atoms have 53 electrons and the electronic shell structure is [2, 8, 18, 18, 7] with Atomic Term Symbol (Quantum Numbers) ²P_3/2.

Atomic Number	53
Number of Electrons (with no charge)	53
Number of Protons	53
Mass Number	127
Number of Neutrons	74
Shell structure (Electrons per energy level)	[2, 8, 18, 18, 7]
Electron Configuration	[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p5
Valence Electrons	5s2 5p5
Oxidation State	-1 1;3;4;5;6;7
Atomic Term Symbol (Quantum Numbers)	2P3/2

Shell Structure of Iodine - Electrons per energy level

n		s	p	d	f
1	K	2
2	L	2	6
3	M	2	6	10
4	N	2	6	10
5	O	2	5

Ground State Electronic Configuration of Iodine - neutral Iodine atom

The ground state electronic configuration of Neutral Iodine atom is [Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p5. The portion of Iodine configuration that is equivalent to the noble gas of the preceding period, is abbreviated as [Kr]. For atoms with many electrons, this notation can become lengthy and so an abbreviated notation is used.This is important as it is the Valence electrons 4d10 5s2 5p5, electrons in the outermost shell that determine the chemical properties of the element.

Unabbreviated electronic configuration of neutral Iodine

Complete ground state electronic configuration for the Iodine atom, Unabbreviated electronic configuration

1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 5s2 5p5

Atomic Structure of Iodine

Iodine atomic radius is 115 pm, while it's covalent radius is 133 pm.

Atomic Spectrum of Iodine

Iodine Chemical Properties: Iodine Ionization Energies and electron affinity

The electron affinity of Iodine is 295.2 kJ/mol

Ionization Energy of Iodine

Refer to table below for Ionization energies of Iodine

Iodine Physical Properties

Refer to below table for Iodine Physical Properties

Elastic Properties

Hardness of Iodine - Tests to Measure of Hardness of Element

Iodine Electrical Properties

Iodine is Insulator of electricity. Refer to table below for the Electrical properties of Iodine

Iodine Heat and Conduction Properties

Iodine Magnetic Properties

Optical Properties of Iodine

Acoustic Properties of Iodine

Iodine Thermal Properties - Enthalpies and thermodynamics

Refer to table below for Thermal properties of Iodine

Enthalpies of Iodine

Iodine Isotopes - Nuclear Properties of Iodine

Isotopes of rhodium. Naturally occurring Iodine has 1 stable isotope - 127I.

Regulatory and Health - Health and Safety Parameters and Guidelines

Database Search

List of unique identifiers to search the element in various chemical registry databases