Periodic Table Element Comparison: Compare Elements - Potassium vs Boron
Compare Potassium and Boron
Compare Potassium and Boron on the basis of their properties, attributes and periodic table facts. Compare elements on more than 90 properties. All the elements of similar categories show a lot of similarities and differences in their chemical, atomic, physical properties and uses. These similarities and dissimilarities should be known while we study periodic table elements. You can study the detailed comparison between Potassium vs Boron with most reliable information about their properties, attributes, facts, uses etc. You can compare K vs B on more than 90 properties like electronegativity , oxidation state, atomic shells, orbital structure, Electronaffinity, physical states, electrical conductivity and many more.
Facts
Name | Potassium | Boron |
Atomic Number | 19 | 5 |
Atomic Symbol | K | B |
Atomic Weight | 39.0983 | 10.811 |
Phase at STP | Solid | Solid |
Color | Silver | Black |
Metallic Classification | Alkali Metal | Metalloid |
Group in Periodic Table | group 1 | group 13 |
Group Name | lithium family | boron family |
Period in Periodic Table | period 4 | period 2 |
Block in Periodic Table | s -block | p -block |
Electronic Configuration | [Ar] 4s1 | [He] 2s2 2p1 |
Electronic Shell Structure (Electrons per shell) | 2, 8, 8, 1 | 2, 3 |
Melting Point | 336.53 K | 2348 K |
Boiling Point | 1032 K | 4273 K |
CAS Number | CAS7440-09-7 | CAS7440-42-8 |
Neighborhood Elements | Neighborhood Elements of Potassium | Neighborhood Elements of Boron |
History
Name | Potassium | Boron |
History | The element Potassium was discovered by H. Davy in year 1807 in United Kingdom. Potassium derived its name from New Latin potassa, 'potash' (kalium in Latin). | The element Boron was discovered by L. Gay-Lussac and L.J. Thénard in year 1808 in France and United Kingdom. Boron derived its name from borax, a mineral. |
Discovery | H. Davy (1807) | L. Gay-Lussac and L.J. Thénard (1808) |
Isolated | H. Davy (1807) | H. Davy (1808) |
Presence: Abundance in Nature and Around Us
Parts per billion (ppb) by weight / by atoms (1ppb =10^-7 %)
Name | Potassium | Boron |
Abundance in Universe | 3000 / 100 | 1 / 0.1 |
Abundance in Sun | 4000 / 100 | 2 / 0.2 |
Abundance in Meteorites | 710000 / 370000 | 1600 / 3000 |
Abundance in Earth's Crust | 15000000 / 7800000 | 8700 / 17000 |
Abundance in Oceans | 416000 / 65800 | 4440 / 2500 |
Abundance in Humans | 2000000 / 320000 | 700 / 410 |
Crystal Structure and Atomic Structure
Name | Potassium | Boron |
Atomic Volume | 45.68 cm3/mol | 4.3947 cm3/mol |
Atomic Radius | 243 pm | 87 pm |
Covalent Radius | 196 pm | 82 pm |
Van der Waals Radius | 275 pm | 192 pm |
Atomic Spectrum - Spectral Lines | ||
Emission Spectrum | Not available | |
Absorption Spectrum | ||
Lattice Constant | 532.8, 532.8, 532.8 pm | 506, 506, 506 pm |
Lattice Angle | π/2, π/2, π/2 | 1.01334, 1.01334, 1.01334 |
Space Group Name | Im_ 3m | R_ 3m |
Space Group Number | 229 | 166 |
Crystal Structure | Body Centered Cubic | Simple Trigonal |
Atomic and Orbital Properties
Name | Potassium | Boron |
Atomic Number | 19 | 5 |
Number of Electrons (with no charge) | 19 | 5 |
Number of Protons | 19 | 5 |
Mass Number | 39.0983 | 10.811 |
Number of Neutrons | 20 | 6 |
Shell structure (Electrons per energy level) | 2, 8, 8, 1 | 2, 3 |
Electron Configuration | [Ar] 4s1 | [He] 2s2 2p1 |
Valence Electrons | 4s1 | 2s2 2p1 |
Oxidation State | 1 | 3 |
Atomic Term Symbol (Quantum Numbers) | 2S1/2 | 2P1/2 |
Shell structure |
Isotopes and Nuclear Properties
Potassium has 2 stable naturally occuring isotopes while Boron has 2 stable naturally occuring isotopes.
Name | Potassium | Boron |
Known Isotopes | 32K, 33K, 34K, 35K, 36K, 37K, 38K, 39K, 40K, 41K, 42K, 43K, 44K, 45K, 46K, 47K, 48K, 49K, 50K, 51K, 52K, 53K, 54K, 55K | 6B, 7B, 8B, 9B, 10B, 11B, 12B, 13B, 14B, 15B, 16B, 17B, 18B, 19B |
Stable Isotopes | Naturally occurring stable isotopes: 39K, 41K | Naturally occurring stable isotopes: 10B, 11B |
Neutron Cross Section | 2.1 | 755 |
Neutron Mass Absorption | 0.0018 | 2.4 |
Chemical Properties: Ionization Energies and electron affinity
Name | Potassium | Boron |
Valence or Valency | 1 | 3 |
Electronegativity | 0.82 Pauling Scale | 2.04 Pauling Scale |
Electron Affinity | 48.4 kJ/mol | 26.7 kJ/mol |
Ionization Energies | 1st: 418.8 kJ/mol 2nd: 3052 kJ/mol 3rd: 4420 kJ/mol 4th: 5877 kJ/mol 5th: 7975 kJ/mol 6th: 9590 kJ/mol 7th: 11343 kJ/mol 8th: 14944 kJ/mol 9th: 16963.7 kJ/mol 10th: 48610 kJ/mol 11th: 54490 kJ/mol 12th: 60730 kJ/mol 13th: 68950 kJ/mol 14th: 75900 kJ/mol 15th: 83080 kJ/mol 16th: 93400 kJ/mol 17th: 99710 kJ/mol 18th: 444880 kJ/mol 19th: 476063 kJ/mol | 1st: 800.6 kJ/mol 2nd: 2427.1 kJ/mol 3rd: 3659.7 kJ/mol 4th: 25025.8 kJ/mol 5th: 32826.7 kJ/mol |
Physical Properties
Name | Potassium | Boron |
Density | 0.856 g/cm3 | 2.46 g/cm3 |
Molar Volume | 45.68 cm3/mol | 4.3947 cm3/mol |
Elastic Properties | ||
Young Modulus | - | - |
Shear Modulus | 1.3 GPa | - |
Bulk Modulus | 3.1 GPa | 320 GPa |
Poisson Ratio | - | - |
Hardness - Tests to Measure of Hardness of Element | ||
Mohs Hardness | 0.4 MPa | 9.3 MPa |
Vickers Hardness | - | 49000 MPa |
Brinell Hardness | 0.363 MPa | - |
Electrical Properties | ||
Electrical Conductivity | 14000000 S/m | 0.0001 S/m |
Resistivity | 7e-8 m Ω | 10000 m Ω |
Superconducting Point | - | - |
Heat and Conduction Properties | ||
Thermal Conductivity | 100 W/(m K) | 27 W/(m K) |
Thermal Expansion | - | 0.000006 /K |
Magnetic Properties | ||
Magnetic Type | Paramagnetic | Diamagnetic |
Curie Point | - | - |
Mass Magnetic Susceptibility | 6.7e-9 m3/kg | -8.7e-9 m3/kg |
Molar Magnetic Susceptibility | 2.62e-10 m3/mol | -9.41e-11 m3/mol |
Volume Magnetic Susceptibility | 0.00000574 | -0.0000214 |
Optical Properties | ||
Refractive Index | - | - |
Acoustic Properties | ||
Speed of Sound | 2000 m/s | 16200 m/s |
Thermal Properties - Enthalpies and thermodynamics
Name | Potassium | Boron |
Melting Point | 336.53 K | 2348 K |
Boiling Point | 1032 K | 4273 K |
Critical Temperature | 2223 K | - |
Superconducting Point | - | - |
Enthalpies | ||
Heat of Fusion | 2.33 kJ/mol | 50 kJ/mol |
Heat of Vaporization | 76.9 kJ/mol | 507 kJ/mol |
Heat of Combustion | -182 J/(kg K) | - |
Regulatory and Health - Health and Safety Parameters and Guidelines
Name | Potassium | Boron |
CAS Number | CAS7440-09-7 | CAS7440-42-8 |
RTECS Number | RTECSTS6460000 | RTECSED7350000 |
DOT Hazard Class | 4.3 | - |
DOT Numbers | 2257 | - |
EU Number | - | - |
NFPA Fire Rating | 3 | 3 |
NFPA Health Rating | 3 | 2 |
NFPA Reactivity Rating | 2 | 0 |
NFPA Hazards | Water Reactive | - |
AutoIgnition Point | 440 °C | - |
Flashpoint | - | - |
Compare With Other Elements
Compare Potassium with all Group 1 elementsPotassium vs LithiumPotassium vs HydrogenPotassium vs SodiumPotassium vs RubidiumPotassium vs CesiumPotassium vs Francium Compare Potassium with all Period 4 elementsPotassium vs CalciumPotassium vs ScandiumPotassium vs TitaniumPotassium vs VanadiumPotassium vs ChromiumPotassium vs ManganesePotassium vs IronPotassium vs CobaltPotassium vs NickelPotassium vs CopperPotassium vs ZincPotassium vs GalliumPotassium vs GermaniumPotassium vs ArsenicPotassium vs SeleniumPotassium vs BrominePotassium vs Krypton Compare Potassium with all Alkali Metal elements | Compare Boron with all Group 13 elementsCompare Boron with all Period 2 elementsBoron vs LithiumBoron vs BerylliumBoron vs CarbonBoron vs NitrogenBoron vs OxygenBoron vs FluorineBoron vs Neon Compare Boron with all Metalloid elements |