Compare Neodymium vs Germanium: Periodic Table Element Comparison Table and Properties
Compare the elements Neodymium and Germanium on the basis of their properties, attributes and periodic table facts. Compare elements - Neodymium and Germanium comparison table side by side across over 90 properties. All the elements of similar categories show a lot of similarities and differences in their chemical, atomic, physical properties and uses. These similarities and dissimilarities should be known while we study periodic table elements. You can study the detailed comparison between Neodymium vs Germanium with most reliable information about their properties, attributes, facts, uses etc. You can compare Nd vs Ge on more than 90 properties like electronegativity, oxidation state, atomic shells, orbital structure, Electronaffinity, physical states, electrical conductivity and many more. This in-depth comparison helps students, educators, researchers, and science enthusiasts understand the differences and similarities between Neodymium and Germanium.
Neodymium and Germanium Comparison
Here's a detailed comparison between Neodymium (Nd) and Germanium (Ge), focusing on their position in the periodic table, physical and chemical properties, stability, and uses.
Facts - Basic Element Details
| Name | Neodymium | Germanium |
|---|---|---|
| Atomic Number | 60 | 32 |
| Atomic Symbol | Nd | Ge |
| Atomic Weight | 144.24 | 72.64 |
| Phase at STP | Solid | Solid |
| Color | Silver | Gray |
| Metallic Classification | Lanthanide | Metalloid |
| Group in Periodic Table | Lanthanide (no group number) | group 14 |
| Group Name | carbon family | |
| Period in Periodic Table | period 6 | period 4 |
| Block in Periodic Table | f -block | p -block |
| Electronic Configuration | [Xe] 4f4 6s2 | [Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p2 |
| Electronic Shell Structure (Electrons per shell) | 2, 8, 18, 22, 8, 2 | 2, 8, 18, 4 |
| Melting Point | 1294 K | 1211.4 K |
| Boiling Point | 3373 K | 3093 K |
| CAS Number | CAS7440-00-8 | CAS7440-56-4 |
| Neighborhood Elements | Neighborhood Elements of Neodymium | Neighborhood Elements of Germanium |
History
| Parameter | Neodymium | Germanium |
|---|---|---|
| History | The element Neodymium was discovered by C. A. von Welsbach in year 1885 in Austria. Neodymium derived its name from the Greek neos didymos meaning 'new twin'. | The element Germanium was discovered by C. A. Winkler in year 1886 in Germany. Germanium derived its name from Germania, the Latin name for Germany. |
| Discovery | C. A. von Welsbach (1885) | C. A. Winkler (1886) |
| Isolated | () | () |
Presence: Abundance in Nature and Around Us
Parts per billion (ppb) by weight / by atoms (1ppb =10^-7 %)
| Property | Neodymium | Germanium |
|---|---|---|
| Abundance in Universe | 10 / 0.09 | 200 / 3 |
| Abundance in Sun | 3 / 0.02 | 200 / 3 |
| Abundance in Meteorites | 510 / 70 | 21000 / 4900 |
| Abundance in Earth's Crust | 33000 / 4800 | 1400 / 390 |
| Abundance in Oceans | 0.0028 / 0.00012 | 0.06 / 0.0051 |
| Abundance in Humans | - / - | - / - |
Crystal Structure and Atomic Structure
| Property | Neodymium | Germanium |
|---|---|---|
| Atomic Volume | 20.576 cm3/mol | 13.646 cm3/mol |
| Atomic Radius | 206 pm | 125 pm |
| Covalent Radius | - | 122 pm |
| Van der Waals Radius | - | 211 pm |
Atomic Spectrum - Spectral Lines | ||
| Emission Spectrum |  |  |
| Absorption Spectrum |  |  |
| Lattice Constant | 365.8, 365.8, 1179.9 pm | 565.75, 565.75, 565.75 pm |
| Lattice Angle | π/2, π/2, 2 π/3 | π/2, π/2, π/2 |
| Space Group Name | P63/mmc | Fm_ 3m |
| Space Group Number | 194 | 225 |
| Crystal Structure | Simple Hexagonal  | Face Centered Cubic  |
Atomic and Orbital Properties
| Property | Neodymium | Germanium |
|---|---|---|
| Atomic Number | 60 | 32 |
| Number of Electrons (with no charge) | 60 | 32 |
| Number of Protons | 60 | 32 |
| Mass Number | 144.24 | 72.64 |
| Number of Neutrons | 84 | 41 |
| Shell structure (Electrons per energy level) | 2, 8, 18, 22, 8, 2 | 2, 8, 18, 4 |
| Electron Configuration | [Xe] 4f4 6s2 | [Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p2 |
| Valence Electrons | 4f4 6s2 | 4s2 4p2 |
| Oxidation State | 3 | -4, 2, 4 |
| Atomic Term Symbol (Quantum Numbers) | 5I4 | 3P0 |
| Shell structure |  |  |
Isotopes and Nuclear Properties
Neodymium has 5 stable naturally occuring isotopes while Germanium has 4 stable naturally occuring isotopes.
| Parameter | Neodymium | Germanium |
|---|---|---|
| Known Isotopes | 124Nd, 125Nd, 126Nd, 127Nd, 128Nd, 129Nd, 130Nd, 131Nd, 132Nd, 133Nd, 134Nd, 135Nd, 136Nd, 137Nd, 138Nd, 139Nd, 140Nd, 141Nd, 142Nd, 143Nd, 144Nd, 145Nd, 146Nd, 147Nd, 148Nd, 149Nd, 150Nd, 151Nd, 152Nd, 153Nd, 154Nd, 155Nd, 156Nd, 157Nd, 158Nd, 159Nd, 160Nd, 161Nd | 58Ge, 59Ge, 60Ge, 61Ge, 62Ge, 63Ge, 64Ge, 65Ge, 66Ge, 67Ge, 68Ge, 69Ge, 70Ge, 71Ge, 72Ge, 73Ge, 74Ge, 75Ge, 76Ge, 77Ge, 78Ge, 79Ge, 80Ge, 81Ge, 82Ge, 83Ge, 84Ge, 85Ge, 86Ge, 87Ge, 88Ge, 89Ge |
| Stable Isotopes | Naturally occurring stable isotopes: 142Nd, 143Nd, 145Nd, 146Nd, 148Nd | Naturally occurring stable isotopes: 70Ge, 72Ge, 73Ge, 74Ge |
| Neutron Cross Section | 49 | 2.2 |
| Neutron Mass Absorption | 0.011 | 0.0011 |
Chemical Properties: Ionization Energies and electron affinity
| Property | Neodymium | Germanium |
|---|---|---|
| Valence or Valency | 3 | 4 |
| Electronegativity | 1.14 Pauling Scale | 2.01 Pauling Scale |
| Oxidation State | 3 | -4, 2, 4 |
| Electron Affinity | 50 kJ/mol | 119 kJ/mol |
| Ionization Energies | 1st: 533.1 kJ/mol 2nd: 1040 kJ/mol 3rd: 2130 kJ/mol 4th: 3900 kJ/mol | 1st: 762 kJ/mol 2nd: 1537.5 kJ/mol 3rd: 3302.1 kJ/mol 4th: 4411 kJ/mol 5th: 9020 kJ/mol |
Physical Properties
Germanium (5.323 g/cm³) is less dense than Neodymium (7.01 g/cm³). This means that a given volume of Neodymium will be heavier than the same volume of Germanium. Neodymium is about 31.7 denser than Germanium
| Property | Neodymium | Germanium |
|---|---|---|
| Phase at STP | Solid | Solid |
| Color | Silver | Gray |
| Density | 7.01 g/cm3 | 5.323 g/cm3 |
| Density (when liquid (at melting point)) | 6.89 g/cm3 | 5.6 g/cm3 |
| Molar Volume | 20.576 cm3/mol | 13.646 cm3/mol |
Mechanical and Hardness Properties
| Property | Neodymium | Germanium |
|---|---|---|
Elastic Properties | ||
| Young Modulus | 41 | - |
| Shear Modulus | 16 GPa | - |
| Bulk Modulus | 32 GPa | - |
| Poisson Ratio | 0.28 | - |
Hardness - Tests to Measure of Hardness of Element | ||
| Mohs Hardness | - | 6 MPa |
| Vickers Hardness | 343 MPa | - |
| Brinell Hardness | 265 MPa | - |
Thermal and Electrical Conductivity
| Property | Neodymium | Germanium |
|---|---|---|
Heat and Conduction Properties | ||
| Thermal Conductivity | 17 W/(m K) | 60 W/(m K) |
| Thermal Expansion | 0.0000096 /K | 0.000006 /K |
Electrical Properties | ||
| Electrical Conductivity | 1600000 S/m | 2000 S/m |
| Resistivity | 6.4e-7 m Ω | 0.0005 m Ω |
| Superconducting Point | - | - |
Magnetic and Optical Properties
| Property | Neodymium | Germanium |
|---|---|---|
Magnetic Properties | ||
| Magnetic Type | Paramagnetic | Diamagnetic |
| Curie Point | - | - |
| Mass Magnetic Susceptibility | 4.8e-7 m3/kg | -1.5e-9 m3/kg |
| Molar Magnetic Susceptibility | 6.9235e-8 m3/mol | -1.09e-10 m3/mol |
| Volume Magnetic Susceptibility | 0.0033648 | -0.00000798 |
Optical Properties | ||
| Refractive Index | - | - |
Acoustic Properties | ||
| Speed of Sound | 2330 m/s | 5400 m/s |
Thermal Properties - Enthalpies and thermodynamics
| Property | Neodymium | Germanium |
|---|---|---|
| Melting Point | 1294 K | 1211.4 K |
| Boiling Point | 3373 K | 3093 K |
| Critical Temperature | - | - |
| Superconducting Point | - | - |
Enthalpies | ||
| Heat of Fusion | 7.1 kJ/mol | 31.8 kJ/mol |
| Heat of Vaporization | 285 kJ/mol | 334 kJ/mol |
| Heat of Combustion | - | -536 J/(kg K) |
Regulatory and Health - Health and Safety Parameters and Guidelines
| Parameter | Neodymium | Germanium |
|---|---|---|
| CAS Number | CAS7440-00-8 | CAS7440-56-4 |
| RTECS Number | RTECSQO8575000 | RTECSLY5200000 |
| DOT Hazard Class | - | 4.1 |
| DOT Numbers | - | 3089 |
| EU Number | - | - |
| NFPA Fire Rating | - | 0 |
| NFPA Health Rating | - | 1 |
| NFPA Reactivity Rating | - | 0 |
| NFPA Hazards | - | - |
| AutoIgnition Point | - | - |
| Flashpoint | - | - |
Compare Neodymium and Germanium With Other Elements
Compare Neodymium and Germanium with other elements of the periodic table. Explore howNeodymium and Germanium stack up against other elements of the periodic table. Use our interactive comparison tool to analyze 90+ properties across different metals, non-metals, metalloids, and noble gases. Understanding these differences is crucial for applications in engineering, chemistry, electronics, biology, and material science.