Rh Rhodium – Element Information, Facts, Properties, Trends,Uses, Comparison with other elements

Rhodium History

The element Rhodium was discovered by William Hyde Wollaston in year 1803 in United Kingdom . Rhodium derived its name from the Greek rhodos, meaning 'rose coloured'

Rhodium Presence: Abundance in Nature and Around Us

The table below shows the abundance of Rhodium in Universe, Sun, Meteorites, Earth's Crust, Oceans and Human Body.

Crystal Structure of Rhodium

The solid state structure of Rhodium is Face Centered Cubic.

The Crystal structure can be described in terms of its unit Cell. The unit Cells repeats itself in three dimensional space to form the structure.

Unit Cell Parameters

The unit cell is represented in terms of its lattice parameters, which are the lengths of the cell edges Lattice Constants (a, b and c)

and the angles between them Lattice Angles (alpha, beta and gamma).

The positions of the atoms inside the unit cell are described by the set of atomic positions ( x_i, y_i, z_i) measured from a reference lattice point.

The symmetry properties of the crystal are described by the concept of space groups. All possible symmetric arrangements of particles in three-dimensional space are described by the 230 space groups (219 distinct types, or 230 if chiral copies are considered distinct.

Space Group Name	Fm_ 3m
Space Group Number	225
Crystal Structure	Face Centered Cubic

Rhodium Atomic and Orbital Properties

Rhodium atoms have 45 electrons and the electronic shell structure is [2, 8, 18, 16, 1] with Atomic Term Symbol (Quantum Numbers) ⁴F_9/2.

Atomic Number	45
Number of Electrons (with no charge)	45
Number of Protons	45
Mass Number	103
Number of Neutrons	58
Shell structure (Electrons per energy level)	[2, 8, 18, 16, 1]
Electron Configuration	[Kr] 4d8 5s1
Valence Electrons	4d8 5s1
Oxidation State	-3;-1 1;2;3;4;5;6
Atomic Term Symbol (Quantum Numbers)	4F9/2

Shell Structure of Rhodium - Electrons per energy level

n		s	p	d	f
1	K	2
2	L	2	6
3	M	2	6	10
4	N	2	6	8
5	O	1

Ground State Electronic Configuration of Rhodium - neutral Rhodium atom

The ground state electronic configuration of Neutral Rhodium atom is [Kr] 4d8 5s1. The portion of Rhodium configuration that is equivalent to the noble gas of the preceding period, is abbreviated as [Kr]. For atoms with many electrons, this notation can become lengthy and so an abbreviated notation is used.This is important as it is the Valence electrons 4d8 5s1, electrons in the outermost shell that determine the chemical properties of the element.

Unabbreviated electronic configuration of neutral Rhodium

Complete ground state electronic configuration for the Rhodium atom, Unabbreviated electronic configuration

1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d8 5s1

Atomic Structure of Rhodium

Rhodium atomic radius is 173 pm, while it's covalent radius is 135 pm.

Atomic Spectrum of Rhodium

Rhodium Chemical Properties: Rhodium Ionization Energies and electron affinity

The electron affinity of Rhodium is 109.7 kJ/mol

Ionization Energy of Rhodium

Refer to table below for Ionization energies of Rhodium

Rhodium Physical Properties

Refer to below table for Rhodium Physical Properties

Elastic Properties

Hardness of Rhodium - Tests to Measure of Hardness of Element

Rhodium Electrical Properties

Rhodium is Conductor of electricity. Refer to table below for the Electrical properties of Rhodium

Rhodium Heat and Conduction Properties

Rhodium Magnetic Properties

Optical Properties of Rhodium

Acoustic Properties of Rhodium

Rhodium Thermal Properties - Enthalpies and thermodynamics

Refer to table below for Thermal properties of Rhodium

Enthalpies of Rhodium

Rhodium Isotopes - Nuclear Properties of Rhodium

Isotopes of rhodium. Naturally occurring Rhodium has 1 stable isotope - 103Rh.

Regulatory and Health - Health and Safety Parameters and Guidelines

Database Search

List of unique identifiers to search the element in various chemical registry databases