Element 75 of Periodic table is Rhenium with atomic number 75, atomic weight 186.207. Rhenium, symbol Re, has a Simple Hexagonal structure and Gray color. Rhenium is a transition metal element. Know everything about Rhenium Facts, Physical Properties, Chemical Properties, Electronic configuration, Atomic and Crystal Structure.
Rhenium is a chemical element with symbol Re and atomic number 75. It is a silvery-white, heavy, third-row transition metal in group 7 of the periodic table. With an estimated average concentration of 1 part per billion (ppb), rhenium is one of the rarest elements in the Earth's crust.
Read key information and facts about element Rhenium
Name | Rhenium |
Atomic Number | 75 |
Atomic Symbol | Re |
Atomic Weight | 186.207 |
Phase | Solid |
Color | Gray |
Classification | transition metal |
Group in Periodic Table | 7 |
Group Name | manganese family |
Period in Periodic Table | 6 |
Block in Periodic Table | d-block |
Electronic Configuration | [Xe] 4f14 5d5 6s2 |
Melting Point | 3186 °C |
Boiling Point | 5596 °C |
Electronic Shell Structure | [2, 8, 18, 32, 13, 2] |
CAS Number | CAS7440-15-5 |
Periodic table is arranged by atomic number, number of protons in the nucleus which is same as number of electrons. The atomic number increases from left to right. Periodic table starts at top left ( Atomic number 1) and ends at bottom right (atomic number 118). Therefore you can directly look for atomic number 75 to find Rhenium on periodic table.
Another way to read periodic table and locate an element is by using group number (column) and period number (row). To locate Rhenium on periodic table look for cross section of group 7 and period 6 in the modern periodic table.
The element Rhenium was discovered by Masataka Ogawa in year 1925 in Germany . Rhenium derived its name from Rhenus, the Latin name for the river Rhine
The table below shows the abundance of Rhenium in Universe, Sun, Meteorites, Earth's Crust, Oceans and Human Body.
Ppb by weight (1ppb =10^-7 %) | |
---|---|
Abundance in Universe | 2×10-8% |
Abundance in Sun | 1×10-8% |
Abundance in Meteorites | 4.9×10-6% |
Abundance in Earth's Crust | 2.6×10-7% |
Abundance in Oceans | 1×10-10% |
Abundance in Humans | N/A |
The solid state structure of Rhenium is Simple Hexagonal.
The Crystal structure can be described in terms of its unit Cell. The unit Cells repeats itself in three dimensional space to form the structure.
The unit cell is represented in terms of its lattice parameters, which are the lengths of the cell edges Lattice Constants (a, b and c)
a | b | c |
---|---|---|
276.1 | 276.1 | 445.6 pm |
and the angles between them Lattice Angles (alpha, beta and gamma).
alpha | beta | gamma |
---|---|---|
π/2 | π/2 | 2 π/3 |
The positions of the atoms inside the unit cell are described by the set of atomic positions ( xi, yi, zi) measured from a reference lattice point.
The symmetry properties of the crystal are described by the concept of space groups. All possible symmetric arrangements of particles in three-dimensional space are described by the 230 space groups (219 distinct types, or 230 if chiral copies are considered distinct.
Space Group Name | P63/mmc |
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Space Group Number | 194 | |
Crystal Structure | Simple Hexagonal |
Rhenium atoms have 75 electrons and the electronic shell structure is [2, 8, 18, 32, 13, 2] with Atomic Term Symbol (Quantum Numbers) 6S5/2.
Atomic Number | 75 |
Number of Electrons (with no charge) | 75 |
Number of Protons | 75 |
Mass Number | 186 |
Number of Neutrons | 111 |
Shell structure (Electrons per energy level) | [2, 8, 18, 32, 13, 2] |
Electron Configuration | [Xe] 4f14 5d5 6s2 |
Valence Electrons | 5d5 6s2 |
Oxidation State |
-3;-1
1;2;3;4;5;6;7 |
Atomic Term Symbol (Quantum Numbers) | 6S5/2 |
Shell Structure of Rhenium - Electrons per energy level
n | s | p | d | f | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | K | 2 | |||
2 | L | 2 | 6 | ||
3 | M | 2 | 6 | 10 | |
4 | N | 2 | 6 | 10 | 14 |
5 | O | 2 | 6 | 5 | |
6 | P | 2 |
The ground state electronic configuration of Neutral Rhenium atom is [Xe] 4f14 5d5 6s2. The portion of Rhenium configuration that is equivalent to the noble gas of the preceding period, is abbreviated as [Xe]. For atoms with many electrons, this notation can become lengthy and so an abbreviated notation is used.This is important as it is the Valence electrons 4f14 5d5 6s2, electrons in the outermost shell that determine the chemical properties of the element.
Complete ground state electronic configuration for the Rhenium atom, Unabbreviated electronic configuration
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 5s2 5p6 4f14 5d5 6s2
Rhenium atomic radius is 188 pm, while it's covalent radius is 159 pm.
Atomic Radius |
188 pm (1.88 Å) |
Atomic Volume | 8.85856327307 cm3 |
Covalent Radius | 159 pm (1.59 Å) |
Van der Waals Radius | N/A |
Neutron Cross Section | 90 σa/barns |
The electron affinity of Rhenium is 14.5 kJ/mol
Valence | 7 |
Electronegativity | 1.9 |
ElectronAffinity | 14.5 kJ/mol |
Refer to table below for Ionization energies of Rhenium
Ionization energy number | Enthalpy - kJ/mol |
---|---|
1 | 760 |
2 | 1260 |
3 | 2510 |
4 | 3640 |
Refer to below table for Rhenium Physical Properties
Density | 21.02 g/cm3 |
Molar Volume | 8.85856327307 cm3 |
Young Modulus | 463 GPa |
Shear Modulus | 178 GPa |
Bulk Modulus | 370 GPa |
Poisson Ratio | 0.3 |
Mohs Hardness | 7 MPa |
Vickers Hardness | 2450 MPa |
Brinell Hardness | 1320 MPa |
Rhenium is Conductor of electricity. Refer to table below for the Electrical properties of Rhenium
Electrical Conductivity | 5.6×106 S/m |
Resistivity | 1.8×10-7 m Ω |
Superconducting Point | 1.7 |
Thermal Conductivity | 48 W/(m K) |
Thermal Expansion | 6.2×10-6 K-1 |
Magnetic Type | Paramagnetic |
Curie Point | N/A |
Mass Magnetic Susceptibility | 4.56×10-9 |
Molar Magnetic Susceptibility | 8.49×10-10 |
Volume Magnetic Susceptibility | 9.59e-05 |
Refractive Index | N/A |
Speed of Sound | 4.7×103 m/s |
Refer to table below for Thermal properties of Rhenium
Melting Point | 3459 K (3186 °C) |
Boiling Point | 5869 K (5596 °C) |
Critical Temperature | N/A |
Superconducting Point | 1.7 |
Heat of Fusion | 33 kJ/mol |
Heat of Vaporization | 705 kJ/mol |
Heat of Combustion | N/A |
Isotopes of rhodium. Naturally occurring Rhenium has 1 stable isotope - 185Re.
Isotope | Isotope Mass | % Abundance | T half | Decay Mode |
---|---|---|---|---|
160Re | ||||
161Re | ||||
162Re | ||||
163Re | ||||
164Re | ||||
165Re | ||||
166Re | ||||
167Re | ||||
168Re | ||||
169Re | ||||
170Re | ||||
171Re | ||||
172Re | ||||
173Re | ||||
174Re | ||||
175Re | ||||
176Re | ||||
177Re | ||||
178Re | ||||
179Re | ||||
180Re | ||||
181Re | ||||
182Re | ||||
183Re | ||||
184Re | ||||
185Re | 37.4% | Stable | N/A | |
186Re | ||||
187Re | 62.6% | |||
188Re | ||||
189Re | ||||
190Re | ||||
191Re | ||||
192Re | ||||
193Re | ||||
194Re |
CAS Number | CAS7440-15-5 |
RTECS Number | RTECSVI0780000 |
DOT Hazard Class | N/A |
DOT Numbers | N/A |
EU Number | N/A |
NFPA Fire Rating | N/A |
NFPA Hazards | N/A |
NFPA Health Rating | N/A |
NFPA Reactivity Rating | N/A |
Autoignition Point | N/A |
Flashpoint | N/A |
List of unique identifiers to search the element in various chemical registry databases
Database | Identifier number |
---|---|
CAS Number - Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) | CAS7440-15-5 |
CID Number | CID23947 |
Gmelin Number | N/A |
NSC Number | N/A |
RTECS Number | RTECSVI0780000 |
Metalloid |
Nonmetals |
Other Nonmetals | |
Halogens | Noble Gas |
Metals |
|
Alkali Metals | Alkaline Earth Metals |
Transition Metals | Post-Transition Metals |
Lanthanide | Actinide |