Pa Protactinium – Element Information, Facts, Properties, Trends,Uses, Comparison with other elements

Protactinium History

The element Protactinium was discovered by William Crookes in year 1913 in Germany and United Kingdom . Protactinium derived its name from the Greek protos, 'first', and actinium, which is produced through the radioactive decay of protactinium

Protactinium Presence: Abundance in Nature and Around Us

The table below shows the abundance of Protactinium in Universe, Sun, Meteorites, Earth's Crust, Oceans and Human Body.

Crystal Structure of Protactinium

The solid state structure of Protactinium is Centered Tetragonal.

The Crystal structure can be described in terms of its unit Cell. The unit Cells repeats itself in three dimensional space to form the structure.

Unit Cell Parameters

The unit cell is represented in terms of its lattice parameters, which are the lengths of the cell edges Lattice Constants (a, b and c)

and the angles between them Lattice Angles (alpha, beta and gamma).

The positions of the atoms inside the unit cell are described by the set of atomic positions ( x_i, y_i, z_i) measured from a reference lattice point.

The symmetry properties of the crystal are described by the concept of space groups. All possible symmetric arrangements of particles in three-dimensional space are described by the 230 space groups (219 distinct types, or 230 if chiral copies are considered distinct.

Space Group Name	I4/mmm
Space Group Number	139
Crystal Structure	Centered Tetragonal

Protactinium Atomic and Orbital Properties

Protactinium atoms have 91 electrons and the electronic shell structure is [2, 8, 18, 32, 20, 9, 2] with Atomic Term Symbol (Quantum Numbers) ⁴K_11/2.

Atomic Number	91
Number of Electrons (with no charge)	91
Number of Protons	91
Mass Number	231
Number of Neutrons	140
Shell structure (Electrons per energy level)	[2, 8, 18, 32, 20, 9, 2]
Electron Configuration	[Rn] 5f2 6d1 7s2
Valence Electrons	5f2 6d1 7s2
Oxidation State	3;4;5
Atomic Term Symbol (Quantum Numbers)	4K11/2

Shell Structure of Protactinium - Electrons per energy level

n		s	p	d	f
1	K	2
2	L	2	6
3	M	2	6	10
4	N	2	6	10	14
5	O	2	6	10	2
6	P	2	6	1
7	Q	2

Ground State Electronic Configuration of Protactinium - neutral Protactinium atom

The ground state electronic configuration of Neutral Protactinium atom is [Rn] 5f2 6d1 7s2. The portion of Protactinium configuration that is equivalent to the noble gas of the preceding period, is abbreviated as [Rn]. For atoms with many electrons, this notation can become lengthy and so an abbreviated notation is used.This is important as it is the Valence electrons 5f2 6d1 7s2, electrons in the outermost shell that determine the chemical properties of the element.

Unabbreviated electronic configuration of neutral Protactinium

Complete ground state electronic configuration for the Protactinium atom, Unabbreviated electronic configuration

1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 5s2 5p6 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p6 5f2 6d1 7s2

Atomic Structure of Protactinium

Protactinium atomic radius is 180 pm, while it's covalent radius is N/A.

Atomic Spectrum of Protactinium

Protactinium Chemical Properties: Protactinium Ionization Energies and electron affinity

The electron affinity of Protactinium is N/A

Ionization Energy of Protactinium

Refer to table below for Ionization energies of Protactinium

Protactinium Physical Properties

Refer to below table for Protactinium Physical Properties

Elastic Properties

Hardness of Protactinium - Tests to Measure of Hardness of Element

Protactinium Electrical Properties

Protactinium is Conductor of electricity. Refer to table below for the Electrical properties of Protactinium

Protactinium Heat and Conduction Properties

Protactinium Magnetic Properties

Optical Properties of Protactinium

Acoustic Properties of Protactinium

Protactinium Thermal Properties - Enthalpies and thermodynamics

Refer to table below for Thermal properties of Protactinium

Enthalpies of Protactinium

Protactinium Isotopes - Nuclear Properties of Protactinium

Isotopes of rhodium. Naturally occurring Protactinium has 1 stable isotope - None.

Regulatory and Health - Health and Safety Parameters and Guidelines

Database Search

List of unique identifiers to search the element in various chemical registry databases