Periodic Table Element Comparison: Compare Elements - Sulfur vs Gallium
Compare Sulfur and Gallium
Compare Sulfur and Gallium on the basis of their properties, attributes and periodic table facts. Compare elements on more than 90 properties. All the elements of similar categories show a lot of similarities and differences in their chemical, atomic, physical properties and uses. These similarities and dissimilarities should be known while we study periodic table elements. You can study the detailed comparison between Sulfur vs Gallium with most reliable information about their properties, attributes, facts, uses etc. You can compare S vs Ga on more than 90 properties like electronegativity , oxidation state, atomic shells, orbital structure, Electronaffinity, physical states, electrical conductivity and many more.
Facts
Name | Sulfur | Gallium |
Atomic Number | 16 | 31 |
Atomic Symbol | S | Ga |
Atomic Weight | 32.065 | 69.723 |
Phase at STP | Solid | Solid |
Color | Yellow | Silver |
Metallic Classification | Other Nonmetal | Post Transition Metal |
Group in Periodic Table | group 16 | group 13 |
Group Name | oxygen family | boron family |
Period in Periodic Table | period 3 | period 4 |
Block in Periodic Table | p -block | p -block |
Electronic Configuration | [Ne] 3s2 3p4 | [Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p1 |
Electronic Shell Structure (Electrons per shell) | 2, 8, 6 | 2, 8, 18, 3 |
Melting Point | 388.36 K | 302.91 K |
Boiling Point | 717.87 K | 2477 K |
CAS Number | CAS7704-34-9 | CAS7440-55-3 |
Neighborhood Elements | Neighborhood Elements of Sulfur | Neighborhood Elements of Gallium |
History
Name | Sulfur | Gallium |
History | The element Sulfur was discovered by Chinese/Indians in year Before 2000 BCE. Sulfur derived its name from the Latin word sulphur, 'fire and brimstone'. | The element Gallium was discovered by P. E. L. de Boisbaudran in year 1875 in France. Gallium derived its name from Gallia, the Latin name for France. |
Discovery | Chinese/Indians (Before 2000 BCE) | P. E. L. de Boisbaudran (1875) |
Isolated | () | P. E. L. de Boisbaudran () |
Presence: Abundance in Nature and Around Us
Parts per billion (ppb) by weight / by atoms (1ppb =10^-7 %)
Name | Sulfur | Gallium |
Abundance in Universe | 500000 / 20000 | 10 / 0.2 |
Abundance in Sun | 400000 / 10000 | 40 / 0.6 |
Abundance in Meteorites | 41000000 / 22000000 | 7800 / 2000 |
Abundance in Earth's Crust | 420000 / 270000 | 19000 / 5500 |
Abundance in Oceans | 928000 / 179000 | 0.03 / 0.0027 |
Abundance in Humans | 2000000 / 390000 | - / - |
Crystal Structure and Atomic Structure
Name | Sulfur | Gallium |
Atomic Volume | 15.53 cm3/mol | 11.809 cm3/mol |
Atomic Radius | 88 pm | 136 pm |
Covalent Radius | 102 pm | 126 pm |
Van der Waals Radius | 180 pm | 187 pm |
Atomic Spectrum - Spectral Lines | ||
Emission Spectrum | ||
Absorption Spectrum | ||
Lattice Constant | 1043.7, 1284.5, 2436.9 pm | 451.97, 766.33, 452.6 pm |
Lattice Angle | π/2, π/2, π/2 | π/2, π/2, π/2 |
Space Group Name | Fddd | Cmca |
Space Group Number | 70 | 64 |
Crystal Structure | Face Centered Orthorhombic | Base Centered Orthorhombic |
Atomic and Orbital Properties
Name | Sulfur | Gallium |
Atomic Number | 16 | 31 |
Number of Electrons (with no charge) | 16 | 31 |
Number of Protons | 16 | 31 |
Mass Number | 32.065 | 69.723 |
Number of Neutrons | 16 | 39 |
Shell structure (Electrons per energy level) | 2, 8, 6 | 2, 8, 18, 3 |
Electron Configuration | [Ne] 3s2 3p4 | [Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p1 |
Valence Electrons | 3s2 3p4 | 4s2 4p1 |
Oxidation State | -2, 2, 4, 6 | 3 |
Atomic Term Symbol (Quantum Numbers) | 3P2 | 2P1/2 |
Shell structure |
Isotopes and Nuclear Properties
Sulfur has 4 stable naturally occuring isotopes while Gallium has 2 stable naturally occuring isotopes.
Name | Sulfur | Gallium |
Known Isotopes | 26S, 27S, 28S, 29S, 30S, 31S, 32S, 33S, 34S, 35S, 36S, 37S, 38S, 39S, 40S, 41S, 42S, 43S, 44S, 45S, 46S, 47S, 48S, 49S | 56Ga, 57Ga, 58Ga, 59Ga, 60Ga, 61Ga, 62Ga, 63Ga, 64Ga, 65Ga, 66Ga, 67Ga, 68Ga, 69Ga, 70Ga, 71Ga, 72Ga, 73Ga, 74Ga, 75Ga, 76Ga, 77Ga, 78Ga, 79Ga, 80Ga, 81Ga, 82Ga, 83Ga, 84Ga, 85Ga, 86Ga |
Stable Isotopes | Naturally occurring stable isotopes: 32S, 33S, 34S, 36S | Naturally occurring stable isotopes: 69Ga, 71Ga |
Neutron Cross Section | 0.52 | 2.9 |
Neutron Mass Absorption | 0.00055 | 0.0015 |
Chemical Properties: Ionization Energies and electron affinity
Name | Sulfur | Gallium |
Valence or Valency | 6 | 3 |
Electronegativity | 2.58 Pauling Scale | 1.81 Pauling Scale |
Electron Affinity | 200 kJ/mol | 28.9 kJ/mol |
Ionization Energies | 1st: 999.6 kJ/mol 2nd: 2252 kJ/mol 3rd: 3357 kJ/mol 4th: 4556 kJ/mol 5th: 7004.3 kJ/mol 6th: 8495.8 kJ/mol 7th: 27107 kJ/mol 8th: 31719 kJ/mol 9th: 36621 kJ/mol 10th: 43177 kJ/mol 11th: 48710 kJ/mol 12th: 54460 kJ/mol 13th: 62930 kJ/mol 14th: 68216 kJ/mol 15th: 311048 kJ/mol 16th: 337138 kJ/mol | 1st: 578.8 kJ/mol 2nd: 1979.3 kJ/mol 3rd: 2963 kJ/mol 4th: 6180 kJ/mol |
Physical Properties
Name | Sulfur | Gallium |
Density | 1.96 g/cm3 | 5.904 g/cm3 |
Molar Volume | 15.53 cm3/mol | 11.809 cm3/mol |
Elastic Properties | ||
Young Modulus | - | - |
Shear Modulus | - | - |
Bulk Modulus | 7.7 GPa | - |
Poisson Ratio | - | - |
Hardness - Tests to Measure of Hardness of Element | ||
Mohs Hardness | 2 MPa | 1.5 MPa |
Vickers Hardness | - | - |
Brinell Hardness | - | 60 MPa |
Electrical Properties | ||
Electrical Conductivity | 1e-15 S/m | 7100000 S/m |
Resistivity | 1000000000000000 m Ω | 1.39e-7 m Ω |
Superconducting Point | - | 1.083 |
Heat and Conduction Properties | ||
Thermal Conductivity | 0.205 W/(m K) | 29 W/(m K) |
Thermal Expansion | - | 0.00012 /K |
Magnetic Properties | ||
Magnetic Type | Diamagnetic | Diamagnetic |
Curie Point | - | - |
Mass Magnetic Susceptibility | -6.2e-9 m3/kg | -3e-9 m3/kg |
Molar Magnetic Susceptibility | -1.99e-10 m3/mol | -2.09e-10 m3/mol |
Volume Magnetic Susceptibility | -0.0000122 | -0.0000177 |
Optical Properties | ||
Refractive Index | 1.001111 | - |
Acoustic Properties | ||
Speed of Sound | - | 2740 m/s |
Thermal Properties - Enthalpies and thermodynamics
Name | Sulfur | Gallium |
Melting Point | 388.36 K | 302.91 K |
Boiling Point | 717.87 K | 2477 K |
Critical Temperature | 1314 K | - |
Superconducting Point | - | 1.083 |
Enthalpies | ||
Heat of Fusion | 1.73 kJ/mol | 5.59 kJ/mol |
Heat of Vaporization | 9.8 kJ/mol | 256 kJ/mol |
Heat of Combustion | - | - |
Regulatory and Health - Health and Safety Parameters and Guidelines
Name | Sulfur | Gallium |
CAS Number | CAS7704-34-9 | CAS7440-55-3 |
RTECS Number | {RTECSWS4250000, N/A, N/A, N/A, N/A, N/A} | RTECSLW8600000 |
DOT Hazard Class | 4.1 | 8 |
DOT Numbers | 1350 | 2803 |
EU Number | - | - |
NFPA Fire Rating | - | 0 |
NFPA Health Rating | - | 1 |
NFPA Reactivity Rating | - | 0 |
NFPA Hazards | - | - |
AutoIgnition Point | - | - |
Flashpoint | - | - |
Compare With Other Elements
Compare Sulfur with all Group 16 elementsCompare Sulfur with all Period 3 elementsSulfur vs SodiumSulfur vs MagnesiumSulfur vs AluminiumSulfur vs SiliconSulfur vs PhosphorusSulfur vs ChlorineSulfur vs Argon Compare Sulfur with all Other Nonmetal elements | Compare Gallium with all Group 13 elementsCompare Gallium with all Period 4 elementsGallium vs PotassiumGallium vs CalciumGallium vs ScandiumGallium vs TitaniumGallium vs VanadiumGallium vs ChromiumGallium vs ManganeseGallium vs IronGallium vs CobaltGallium vs NickelGallium vs CopperGallium vs ZincGallium vs GermaniumGallium vs ArsenicGallium vs SeleniumGallium vs BromineGallium vs Krypton Compare Gallium with all Post Transition Metal elements |