Periodic Table Element Comparison: Compare Elements - Gallium vs Magnesium
Compare Gallium and Magnesium
Compare Gallium and Magnesium on the basis of their properties, attributes and periodic table facts. Compare elements on more than 90 properties. All the elements of similar categories show a lot of similarities and differences in their chemical, atomic, physical properties and uses. These similarities and dissimilarities should be known while we study periodic table elements. You can study the detailed comparison between Gallium vs Magnesium with most reliable information about their properties, attributes, facts, uses etc. You can compare Ga vs Mg on more than 90 properties like electronegativity , oxidation state, atomic shells, orbital structure, Electronaffinity, physical states, electrical conductivity and many more.
Facts
Name | Gallium | Magnesium |
Atomic Number | 31 | 12 |
Atomic Symbol | Ga | Mg |
Atomic Weight | 69.723 | 24.305 |
Phase at STP | Solid | Solid |
Color | Silver | Silver |
Metallic Classification | Post Transition Metal | Alkaline Earth Metal |
Group in Periodic Table | group 13 | group 2 |
Group Name | boron family | beryllium family |
Period in Periodic Table | period 4 | period 3 |
Block in Periodic Table | p -block | s -block |
Electronic Configuration | [Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p1 | [Ne] 3s2 |
Electronic Shell Structure (Electrons per shell) | 2, 8, 18, 3 | 2, 8, 2 |
Melting Point | 302.91 K | 923 K |
Boiling Point | 2477 K | 1363 K |
CAS Number | CAS7440-55-3 | CAS7439-95-4 |
Neighborhood Elements | Neighborhood Elements of Gallium | Neighborhood Elements of Magnesium |
History
Name | Gallium | Magnesium |
History | The element Gallium was discovered by P. E. L. de Boisbaudran in year 1875 in France. Gallium derived its name from Gallia, the Latin name for France. | The element Magnesium was discovered by J. Black in year 1755 in United Kingdom. Magnesium derived its name from Magnesia, a district of Eastern Thessaly in Greece. |
Discovery | P. E. L. de Boisbaudran (1875) | J. Black (1755) |
Isolated | P. E. L. de Boisbaudran () | H. Davy (1808) |
Presence: Abundance in Nature and Around Us
Parts per billion (ppb) by weight / by atoms (1ppb =10^-7 %)
Name | Gallium | Magnesium |
Abundance in Universe | 10 / 0.2 | 600000 / 30000 |
Abundance in Sun | 40 / 0.6 | 700000 / 30000 |
Abundance in Meteorites | 7800 / 2000 | 120000000 / 100000000 |
Abundance in Earth's Crust | 19000 / 5500 | 29000000 / 25000000 |
Abundance in Oceans | 0.03 / 0.0027 | 1326000 / 337000 |
Abundance in Humans | - / - | 270000 / 70000 |
Crystal Structure and Atomic Structure
Name | Gallium | Magnesium |
Atomic Volume | 11.809 cm3/mol | 13.984 cm3/mol |
Atomic Radius | 136 pm | 145 pm |
Covalent Radius | 126 pm | 130 pm |
Van der Waals Radius | 187 pm | 173 pm |
Atomic Spectrum - Spectral Lines | ||
Emission Spectrum | ||
Absorption Spectrum | ||
Lattice Constant | 451.97, 766.33, 452.6 pm | 320.94, 320.94, 521.08 pm |
Lattice Angle | π/2, π/2, π/2 | π/2, π/2, 2 π/3 |
Space Group Name | Cmca | P63/mmc |
Space Group Number | 64 | 194 |
Crystal Structure | Base Centered Orthorhombic | Simple Hexagonal |
Atomic and Orbital Properties
Name | Gallium | Magnesium |
Atomic Number | 31 | 12 |
Number of Electrons (with no charge) | 31 | 12 |
Number of Protons | 31 | 12 |
Mass Number | 69.723 | 24.305 |
Number of Neutrons | 39 | 12 |
Shell structure (Electrons per energy level) | 2, 8, 18, 3 | 2, 8, 2 |
Electron Configuration | [Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p1 | [Ne] 3s2 |
Valence Electrons | 4s2 4p1 | 3s2 |
Oxidation State | 3 | 2 |
Atomic Term Symbol (Quantum Numbers) | 2P1/2 | 1S0 |
Shell structure |
Isotopes and Nuclear Properties
Gallium has 2 stable naturally occuring isotopes while Magnesium has 3 stable naturally occuring isotopes.
Name | Gallium | Magnesium |
Known Isotopes | 56Ga, 57Ga, 58Ga, 59Ga, 60Ga, 61Ga, 62Ga, 63Ga, 64Ga, 65Ga, 66Ga, 67Ga, 68Ga, 69Ga, 70Ga, 71Ga, 72Ga, 73Ga, 74Ga, 75Ga, 76Ga, 77Ga, 78Ga, 79Ga, 80Ga, 81Ga, 82Ga, 83Ga, 84Ga, 85Ga, 86Ga | 19Mg, 20Mg, 21Mg, 22Mg, 23Mg, 24Mg, 25Mg, 26Mg, 27Mg, 28Mg, 29Mg, 30Mg, 31Mg, 32Mg, 33Mg, 34Mg, 35Mg, 36Mg, 37Mg, 38Mg, 39Mg, 40Mg |
Stable Isotopes | Naturally occurring stable isotopes: 69Ga, 71Ga | Naturally occurring stable isotopes: 24Mg, 25Mg, 26Mg |
Neutron Cross Section | 2.9 | 0.063 |
Neutron Mass Absorption | 0.0015 | 0.0001 |
Chemical Properties: Ionization Energies and electron affinity
Name | Gallium | Magnesium |
Valence or Valency | 3 | 2 |
Electronegativity | 1.81 Pauling Scale | 1.31 Pauling Scale |
Electron Affinity | 28.9 kJ/mol | 0 kJ/mol |
Ionization Energies | 1st: 578.8 kJ/mol 2nd: 1979.3 kJ/mol 3rd: 2963 kJ/mol 4th: 6180 kJ/mol | 1st: 737.7 kJ/mol 2nd: 1450.7 kJ/mol 3rd: 7732.7 kJ/mol 4th: 10542.5 kJ/mol 5th: 13630 kJ/mol 6th: 18020 kJ/mol 7th: 21711 kJ/mol 8th: 25661 kJ/mol 9th: 31653 kJ/mol 10th: 35458 kJ/mol 11th: 169988 kJ/mol 12th: 189368 kJ/mol |
Physical Properties
Name | Gallium | Magnesium |
Density | 5.904 g/cm3 | 1.738 g/cm3 |
Molar Volume | 11.809 cm3/mol | 13.984 cm3/mol |
Elastic Properties | ||
Young Modulus | - | 45 |
Shear Modulus | - | 17 GPa |
Bulk Modulus | - | 45 GPa |
Poisson Ratio | - | 0.29 |
Hardness - Tests to Measure of Hardness of Element | ||
Mohs Hardness | 1.5 MPa | 2.5 MPa |
Vickers Hardness | - | - |
Brinell Hardness | 60 MPa | 260 MPa |
Electrical Properties | ||
Electrical Conductivity | 7100000 S/m | 23000000 S/m |
Resistivity | 1.39e-7 m Ω | 4.4e-8 m Ω |
Superconducting Point | 1.083 | - |
Heat and Conduction Properties | ||
Thermal Conductivity | 29 W/(m K) | 160 W/(m K) |
Thermal Expansion | 0.00012 /K | 0.0000082 /K |
Magnetic Properties | ||
Magnetic Type | Diamagnetic | Paramagnetic |
Curie Point | - | - |
Mass Magnetic Susceptibility | -3e-9 m3/kg | 6.9e-9 m3/kg |
Molar Magnetic Susceptibility | -2.09e-10 m3/mol | 1.68e-10 m3/mol |
Volume Magnetic Susceptibility | -0.0000177 | 0.000012 |
Optical Properties | ||
Refractive Index | - | - |
Acoustic Properties | ||
Speed of Sound | 2740 m/s | 4602 m/s |
Thermal Properties - Enthalpies and thermodynamics
Name | Gallium | Magnesium |
Melting Point | 302.91 K | 923 K |
Boiling Point | 2477 K | 1363 K |
Critical Temperature | - | - |
Superconducting Point | 1.083 | - |
Enthalpies | ||
Heat of Fusion | 5.59 kJ/mol | 8.7 kJ/mol |
Heat of Vaporization | 256 kJ/mol | 128 kJ/mol |
Heat of Combustion | - | -668 J/(kg K) |
Regulatory and Health - Health and Safety Parameters and Guidelines
Name | Gallium | Magnesium |
CAS Number | CAS7440-55-3 | CAS7439-95-4 |
RTECS Number | RTECSLW8600000 | - |
DOT Hazard Class | 8 | 4.1 |
DOT Numbers | 2803 | {1869,1418} |
EU Number | - | - |
NFPA Fire Rating | 0 | 1 |
NFPA Health Rating | 1 | 0 |
NFPA Reactivity Rating | 0 | 1 |
NFPA Hazards | - | - |
AutoIgnition Point | - | 472 °C |
Flashpoint | - | 500 °C |
Compare With Other Elements
Compare Gallium with all Group 13 elementsCompare Gallium with all Period 4 elementsGallium vs PotassiumGallium vs CalciumGallium vs ScandiumGallium vs TitaniumGallium vs VanadiumGallium vs ChromiumGallium vs ManganeseGallium vs IronGallium vs CobaltGallium vs NickelGallium vs CopperGallium vs ZincGallium vs GermaniumGallium vs ArsenicGallium vs SeleniumGallium vs BromineGallium vs Krypton Compare Gallium with all Post Transition Metal elements | Compare Magnesium with all Group 2 elementsMagnesium vs BerylliumMagnesium vs CalciumMagnesium vs StrontiumMagnesium vs BariumMagnesium vs Radium Compare Magnesium with all Period 3 elementsMagnesium vs SodiumMagnesium vs AluminiumMagnesium vs SiliconMagnesium vs PhosphorusMagnesium vs SulfurMagnesium vs ChlorineMagnesium vs Argon Compare Magnesium with all Alkaline Earth Metal elements |