Ag Silver – Element Information, Facts, Properties, Trends,Uses, Comparison with other elements

Silver History

The element Silver was discovered by unknown in year 3000 BC in unknown place . Silver derived its name from English word (argentum in Latin)

Silver Presence: Abundance in Nature and Around Us

The table below shows the abundance of Silver in Universe, Sun, Meteorites, Earth's Crust, Oceans and Human Body.

Crystal Structure of Silver

The solid state structure of Silver is Face Centered Cubic.

The Crystal structure can be described in terms of its unit Cell. The unit Cells repeats itself in three dimensional space to form the structure.

Unit Cell Parameters

The unit cell is represented in terms of its lattice parameters, which are the lengths of the cell edges Lattice Constants (a, b and c)

and the angles between them Lattice Angles (alpha, beta and gamma).

The positions of the atoms inside the unit cell are described by the set of atomic positions ( x_i, y_i, z_i) measured from a reference lattice point.

The symmetry properties of the crystal are described by the concept of space groups. All possible symmetric arrangements of particles in three-dimensional space are described by the 230 space groups (219 distinct types, or 230 if chiral copies are considered distinct.

Space Group Name	Fm_ 3m
Space Group Number	225
Crystal Structure	Face Centered Cubic

Silver Atomic and Orbital Properties

Silver atoms have 47 electrons and the electronic shell structure is [2, 8, 18, 18, 1] with Atomic Term Symbol (Quantum Numbers) ²S_1/2.

Atomic Number	47
Number of Electrons (with no charge)	47
Number of Protons	47
Mass Number	108
Number of Neutrons	61
Shell structure (Electrons per energy level)	[2, 8, 18, 18, 1]
Electron Configuration	[Kr] 4d10 5s1
Valence Electrons	4d10 5s1
Oxidation State	-2;-1 1;2;3;4
Atomic Term Symbol (Quantum Numbers)	2S1/2

Shell Structure of Silver - Electrons per energy level

n		s	p	d	f
1	K	2
2	L	2	6
3	M	2	6	10
4	N	2	6	10
5	O	1

Ground State Electronic Configuration of Silver - neutral Silver atom

The ground state electronic configuration of Neutral Silver atom is [Kr] 4d10 5s1. The portion of Silver configuration that is equivalent to the noble gas of the preceding period, is abbreviated as [Kr]. For atoms with many electrons, this notation can become lengthy and so an abbreviated notation is used.This is important as it is the Valence electrons 4d10 5s1, electrons in the outermost shell that determine the chemical properties of the element.

Unabbreviated electronic configuration of neutral Silver

Complete ground state electronic configuration for the Silver atom, Unabbreviated electronic configuration

1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 5s1

Atomic Structure of Silver

Silver atomic radius is 165 pm, while it's covalent radius is 153 pm.

Atomic Spectrum of Silver

Silver Chemical Properties: Silver Ionization Energies and electron affinity

The electron affinity of Silver is 125.6 kJ/mol

Ionization Energy of Silver

Refer to table below for Ionization energies of Silver

Silver Physical Properties

Refer to below table for Silver Physical Properties

Elastic Properties

Hardness of Silver - Tests to Measure of Hardness of Element

Silver Electrical Properties

Silver is Conductor of electricity. Refer to table below for the Electrical properties of Silver

Silver Heat and Conduction Properties

Silver Magnetic Properties

Optical Properties of Silver

Acoustic Properties of Silver

Silver Thermal Properties - Enthalpies and thermodynamics

Refer to table below for Thermal properties of Silver

Enthalpies of Silver

Silver Isotopes - Nuclear Properties of Silver

Isotopes of rhodium. Naturally occurring Silver has 2 stable isotope - 107Ag, 109Ag.

Regulatory and Health - Health and Safety Parameters and Guidelines

Database Search

List of unique identifiers to search the element in various chemical registry databases